Rivera Juan A, Muñoz-Hernández Onofre, Rosas-Peralta Martín, Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A, Popkin Barry M, Willett Walter C
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
Salud Publica Mex. 2008 Mar-Apr;50(2):173-95. doi: 10.1590/s0036-36342008000200011.
The Expert Committee in charge of developing the Beverage Consumption Recommendations for the Mexican Population was convened by the Secretary of Health for the purpose of developing evidence-based guidelines for consumers, health professionals, and government officials. The prevalence of overweight, obesity and diabetes have dramatically increased in Mexico; beverages contribute a fifth of all calories consumed by Mexicans. Extensive research has found that caloric beverages increase the risk of obesity. Taking into consideration multiple factors, including the health benefits, risks, and nutritional implications associated with beverage consumption, as well as consumption patterns in Mexico, the committee classified beverages into six levels. Classifications were made based on caloric content, nutritional value, and health risks associated with the consumption of each type of beverage and range from the healthier (level 1) to least healthy (level 6) options, as follows: Level 1: water; Level 2: skim or low fat (1%) milk and sugar free soy beverages; Level 3: coffee and tea without sugar; Level 4: non-caloric beverages with artificial sweeteners; Level 5: beverages with high caloric content and limited health benefits (fruit juices, whole milk, and fruit smoothies with sugar or honey; alcoholic and sports drinks), and Level 6: beverages high in sugar and with low nutritional value (soft drinks and other beverages with significant amounts of added sugar like juices, flavored waters, coffee and tea). The committee recommends the consumption of water as a first choice, followed by no or low-calorie drinks, and skim milk. These beverages should be favored over beverages with high caloric value or sweetened beverages, including those containing artificial sweeteners. Portion size recommendations are included for each beverage category and healthy consumption patterns for men and women are illustrated.
负责制定墨西哥人群饮料消费建议的专家委员会由卫生部长召集,目的是为消费者、健康专业人士和政府官员制定基于证据的指南。墨西哥超重、肥胖和糖尿病的患病率急剧上升;饮料占墨西哥人摄入总热量的五分之一。广泛研究发现,含热量饮料会增加肥胖风险。考虑到多个因素,包括与饮料消费相关的健康益处、风险和营养影响,以及墨西哥的消费模式,委员会将饮料分为六个等级。分类基于每种饮料的热量含量、营养价值和消费相关的健康风险,从较健康(1级)到最不健康(6级)选项,如下所示:1级:水;2级:脱脂或低脂(1%)牛奶和无糖大豆饮料;3级:无糖咖啡和茶;4级:含人工甜味剂的无热量饮料;5级:高热量且健康益处有限的饮料(果汁、全脂牛奶以及加糖或蜂蜜的水果奶昔;酒精饮料和运动饮料),以及6级:高糖且营养价值低的饮料(软饮料和其他添加大量糖的饮料,如果汁、调味水、咖啡和茶)。委员会建议首选饮用白开水,其次是无热量或低热量饮料以及脱脂牛奶。应优先选择这些饮料,而非高热量饮料或含糖饮料,包括含人工甜味剂的饮料。针对每个饮料类别都给出了份量建议,并说明了男性和女性的健康消费模式。