Quintin Sophie, Gally Christelle, Labouesse Michel
IGBMC, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, BP. 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France.
Trends Genet. 2008 May;24(5):221-30. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2008.02.005. Epub 2008 Mar 28.
Epithelial cells play a central role in many embryonic morphogenetic processes, during which they undergo highly coordinated cell shape changes. Here, we review some common principles that have recently emerged through genetic and cellular analyses performed mainly with invertebrate genetic models, focusing on morphogenetic processes involving epithelial sheets. All available data argue that myosin II is the main motor that induces cell shape changes during morphogenesis. We discuss the control of myosin II activity during epithelial morphogenesis, as well as the recently described involvement of microtubules in this process. Finally, we examine how forces unleashed by myosin II can be measured, how embryos use specific brakes to control molecular motors and the potential input of mechano-sensation in morphogenesis.
上皮细胞在许多胚胎形态发生过程中发挥着核心作用，在此期间它们会经历高度协调的细胞形状变化。在这里，我们回顾一些最近通过主要使用无脊椎动物遗传模型进行的遗传和细胞分析所揭示的共同原则，重点关注涉及上皮细胞层的形态发生过程。所有现有数据表明，肌球蛋白II是形态发生过程中诱导细胞形状变化的主要动力蛋白。我们讨论上皮形态发生过程中肌球蛋白II活性的调控，以及最近描述的微管在此过程中的作用。最后，我们研究如何测量肌球蛋白II释放的力，胚胎如何使用特定的制动机制来控制分子马达，以及机械感觉在形态发生中的潜在作用。
