National Dairy Council, Rosemont, IL, United States.
National Dairy Council, Rosemont, IL, United States.
Adv Nutr. 2023 Sep;14(5):959-972. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.06.002. Epub 2023 Jun 7.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend two-and-a-half cup equivalents of low-fat and fat-free dairy foods per day for children 4-8 y and 3 cup equivalents per day for adolescents aged 9-18 and adults. Currently, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recognizes 4 nutrients as being of public concern because of suboptimal levels in the diet. These include calcium, dietary fiber, potassium, and vitamin D. In the American diet, dairy foods are leading contributors of calcium, vitamin D, and potassium. Milk, because of its unique nutrient package that provides shortfall nutrients to the diets of children and adolescents, remains an underpinning of dietary recommendations and is included with school meals. Despite this, milk consumption is declining, and >80% of Americans do not meet recommendations for dairy. Data indicate that children and adolescents who consume flavored milk are more likely to consume more dairy and adhere to healthier overall dietary patterns. Flavored milk, however, receives more scrutiny than plain milk because of its contribution of added sugar and calories to the diet and concerns over childhood obesity. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to describe trends in beverage consumption in children and adolescents aged 5-18 y and highlight the science that has examined the impact of including flavored milk in overall healthy dietary patterns within this population.
美国人的饮食指南建议 4-8 岁的儿童每天摄入两份半杯低脂肪和无脂肪的乳制品,9-18 岁的青少年和成年人每天摄入三份。目前,美国人的饮食指南认为有 4 种营养素是公众关注的问题,因为它们在饮食中的含量不理想。这些营养素包括钙、膳食纤维、钾和维生素 D。在美国家庭饮食中,乳制品是钙、维生素 D 和钾的主要来源。牛奶因其独特的营养成分组合,为儿童和青少年的饮食提供了所缺乏的营养物质,仍然是饮食建议的基础,并包含在学校餐中。尽管如此,牛奶的消费正在下降,超过 80%的美国人没有达到乳制品的推荐摄入量。数据表明,饮用风味牛奶的儿童和青少年更有可能摄入更多的乳制品,并坚持更健康的整体饮食模式。然而,由于风味牛奶为饮食提供了额外的糖和卡路里,以及对儿童肥胖的担忧,因此它比普通牛奶受到更多的审查。因此,本叙述性评论的目的是描述 5-18 岁儿童和青少年饮料消费的趋势,并强调在这一人群中,研究将风味牛奶纳入整体健康饮食模式的影响的科学。