Johnson Sara M, Evers B Mark
Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0536, USA.
Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2008 Apr;17(2):323-40, viii. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2008.01.001.
This article discusses recent advances in gastric cancer research that have improved treatment and outcomes of gastric malignancy, or have the potential to do so. The significance of Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication, immunology, host genetics, proto-oncogenes, and epigenetic alterations in gastric cancer are discussed. Abnormal signaling through growth factor pathways (tyrosine kinases and gastrointestinal peptides) presents ample opportunities for therapeutic intervention that are currently being tested in clinical trials. Drugs targeting abnormal epigenetic changes, such as DNA hypermethylation and histone deacetylation, are also on the horizon, although most of this research is still in the preclinical phase. The potential prognostic implications of genetics and immunology in gastric cancer prognosis are also reviewed.
本文讨论了胃癌研究的最新进展，这些进展改善了胃恶性肿瘤的治疗方法和治疗效果，或者有潜力做到这一点。文中讨论了幽门螺杆菌感染与根除、免疫学、宿主遗传学、原癌基因以及胃癌中表观遗传改变的重要性。通过生长因子途径（酪氨酸激酶和胃肠肽）的异常信号传导为目前正在临床试验中进行测试的治疗干预提供了充足的机会。针对异常表观遗传变化（如DNA高甲基化和组蛋白去乙酰化）的药物也即将出现，尽管大部分此类研究仍处于临床前阶段。文中还综述了遗传学和免疫学在胃癌预后方面的潜在预后意义。
