Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
Dig Dis. 2012;30(3):255-67. doi: 10.1159/000336919. Epub 2012 Jun 20.
Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease with currently still unknown mechanisms of development. Besides genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been discovered as one of the crucial players in gastric carcinogenesis through posttranscriptional regulation of tumor suppressor and oncogenes. A substantial number of deregulated miRNAs have been revealed in gastric cancer and the biological significance of those miRNAs has been confirmed in multiple functional experiments. A growing number of studies suggest involvement of miRNAs in various steps of gastric carcinogenesis: from gastritis toward metastatic disease. Great biological stability of miRNAs opens novel fields in biomarker research with potential clinical implementation in screening, diagnosis, prediction of prognosis and therapeutic management. In this review, we provide the basic knowledge of miRNA biogenesis and discuss extensively the role of miRNAs in gastric carcinogenesis, including Helicobacter pylori-related miRNA alterations and potential translational clinical implementations.
胃癌是一种具有异质性的疾病，其发展机制目前尚不清楚。除了遗传和表观遗传机制外，microRNAs（miRNAs）最近被发现是通过肿瘤抑制基因和癌基因的转录后调控在胃癌发生中的关键因素之一。大量失调的 miRNAs 已在胃癌中被揭示，并且这些 miRNAs 的生物学意义已在多项功能实验中得到证实。越来越多的研究表明，miRNAs 参与了胃癌发生的各个阶段：从胃炎到转移性疾病。miRNAs 具有很高的生物学稳定性，为生物标志物研究开辟了新的领域，具有在筛查、诊断、预后预测和治疗管理方面潜在的临床应用价值。在这篇综述中，我们提供了 miRNA 生物发生的基础知识，并广泛讨论了 miRNAs 在胃癌发生中的作用，包括与幽门螺杆菌相关的 miRNA 改变和潜在的转化临床应用。
