Dietz A, Heller W D, Maier H
Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Universitätsklinik Heidelberg.
Offentl Gesundheitswes. 1991 Oct;53(10):674-80.
This review gives an impression of the different epidemiological aspects of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, the pharynx and the larynx. The main riskfactor associated to development of head/neck-cancer is the chronical consumption of tobacco and alcohol. Tobacco contains different types of well known carcinogens (tobaccospecific nitrosamins, polycyclic aromatic carbonates PAH). Alcohol by itself is not described as carcinogen. The multiplicative effect on the carcinogenic potency of tobacco in head/neck-cancer caused by alcohol consumption is well documented in many epidemiological studies. Enquires were directed at occupational exposure to substances like asbestos, solvents, coal products, welding fumes, wood dust, cement and many other substances. Different authors could show that socioeconomic factors, dietary habits and life style are associated to an elevated head/neck-cancer risk, independent of alcohol and tobacco consumption.
本综述介绍了口腔、咽和喉鳞状细胞癌不同的流行病学方面。与头颈癌发生相关的主要危险因素是长期吸烟和饮酒。烟草含有不同类型的知名致癌物（烟草特异性亚硝胺、多环芳烃PAH）。酒精本身并非致癌物。许多流行病学研究充分证明了饮酒对头颈癌中烟草致癌效力的倍增作用。调查针对职业性接触石棉、溶剂、煤制品、焊接烟尘、木尘、水泥和许多其他物质的情况。不同作者表明，社会经济因素、饮食习惯和生活方式与头颈癌风险升高有关，与吸烟和饮酒无关。
