Clark Susan F
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Nutr Clin Pract. 2008 Apr-May;23(2):128-41. doi: 10.1177/0884533608314536.
The most severe consequence of iron depletion is iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and it is still considered the most common nutrition deficiency worldwide. Although the etiology of IDA is multifaceted, it generally results when the iron demands by the body are not met by iron absorption, regardless of the reason. Individuals with IDA have inadequate intake, impaired absorption or transport, physiologic losses associated with chronological or reproductive age, or chronic blood loss secondary to disease. In adults, IDA can result in a wide variety of adverse outcomes including diminished work or exercise capacity, impaired thermoregulation, immune dysfunction, GI disturbances, and neurocognitive impairment. In addition, IDA concomitant with chronic kidney disease or congestive heart failure can worsen the outcome of both conditions. In this review, the prevalence of IDA related to confounding medical conditions will be described along with its diverse etiologies. Distinguishing IDA from anemia of chronic disease using hematologic measures is reviewed as well. In addition, current diagnostic strategies that are inclusive of clinical presentation, biochemical tests, and differential diagnosis will be outlined, followed by a discussion of treatment modalities and future research recommendations.
铁缺乏最严重的后果是缺铁性贫血（IDA），它仍然被认为是全球最常见的营养缺乏症。尽管IDA的病因是多方面的，但通常是由于身体对铁的需求未得到铁吸收的满足，无论原因如何。患有IDA的个体摄入不足、吸收或运输受损、与年龄增长或生育年龄相关的生理损失，或因疾病导致的慢性失血。在成年人中，IDA可导致多种不良后果，包括工作或运动能力下降、体温调节受损、免疫功能障碍、胃肠道紊乱和神经认知障碍。此外，与慢性肾病或充血性心力衰竭相关的IDA会使这两种疾病的预后恶化。在本综述中，将描述与混杂医疗状况相关的IDA的患病率及其多种病因。还将回顾使用血液学指标区分IDA与慢性病贫血的方法。此外，将概述包括临床表现、生化检查和鉴别诊断在内的当前诊断策略，随后讨论治疗方式和未来研究建议。
