Peters Louk W H, Wiefferink Carin H, Hoekstra Femke, Buijs Goof J, Ten Dam Geert T M, Paulussen Theo G W M
Graduate School of Teaching.earning, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1018 HJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Health Educ Res. 2009 Apr;24(2):198-223. doi: 10.1093/her/cyn013. Epub 2008 Apr 4.
Schools are overloaded with health promotion programs that, altogether, focus on a broad array of behavioral domains, including substance abuse, sexuality and nutrition. Although the specific content of programs varies according to the domain focus, programs usually address similar concepts: knowledge, attitudinal beliefs, social influences and skills. This apparent conceptual overlap between behaviors and programs provides opportunities for a transfer-oriented approach which will stimulate students to apply the knowledge and skills they have learned in one domain (e.g. skills for resisting tobacco use) to other domains (e.g. alcohol, sex). A requirement for such an approach is that behaviors share at least some determinants. This review addresses this issue by examining similarities between domain-specific determinants of smoking, drinking, safe sex and healthy nutrition among adolescents. Recent empirical studies and reviews were examined. The results show that the following determinants are relevant to all four behaviors: beliefs about immediate gratification and social advantages, peer norms, peer and parental modeling and refusal self-efficacy. Several other determinants have been found to relate to at least two behaviors, e.g. health risk beliefs and parental norms. These results can be used for the development of a transfer-oriented school health promotion curriculum.
学校充斥着各种健康促进项目，这些项目总体上关注广泛的行为领域，包括药物滥用、性健康和营养。尽管项目的具体内容因领域重点而异，但项目通常涉及类似的概念：知识、态度信念、社会影响和技能。行为与项目之间这种明显的概念重叠为一种以迁移为导向的方法提供了机会，这种方法将激励学生把他们在一个领域学到的知识和技能（例如抵制吸烟的技能）应用到其他领域（例如酒精、性）。这种方法的一个要求是行为至少有一些共同的决定因素。本综述通过研究青少年吸烟、饮酒、安全性行为和健康营养等特定领域决定因素之间的相似性来探讨这个问题。对近期的实证研究和综述进行了考察。结果表明，以下决定因素与所有这四种行为都相关：对即时满足和社会优势的信念、同伴规范、同伴和父母的榜样作用以及拒绝自我效能感。还发现其他几个决定因素与至少两种行为相关，例如健康风险信念和父母规范。这些结果可用于开发以迁移为导向的学校健康促进课程。
