Chan Daniel L
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL97TA, UK.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2008 May;38(3):587-93, xi. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.01.006.
Colloids are increasingly becoming considered indispensable in the management of critically ill patients. Typical indications for colloid administration include patients with tissue edema, hypovolemia, and low oncotic pressure. Current guidelines for the use of colloids in veterinary patients balance the purported benefits of colloid fluid administration with the potential risks, such as volume overload and coagulation disturbances. This article focuses primarily on hydroxyethyl starches, because they are the most commonly used colloid in veterinary practice, and because recent advances in colloid therapy have been achieved with this colloid. Newer colloids have been modified to limit effects on the coagulation system, and they may be used to modulate the inflammatory response, which could prove to be particularly useful in the management of critically ill patients. A better understanding of how different fluids influence the host response may enable us to explore new applications of fluid replacement therapy beyond simply replenishing volume deficits.
胶体在危重症患者的治疗中越来越被认为是不可或缺的。胶体给药的典型适应症包括组织水肿、血容量不足和血浆渗透压降低的患者。当前兽医患者使用胶体的指南在胶体液给药的所谓益处与潜在风险（如容量超负荷和凝血障碍）之间进行了权衡。本文主要关注羟乙基淀粉，因为它们是兽医实践中最常用的胶体，并且因为胶体治疗的最新进展是通过这种胶体实现的。新型胶体已被改良以限制对凝血系统的影响，并且它们可用于调节炎症反应，这在危重症患者的治疗中可能证明特别有用。更好地理解不同液体如何影响宿主反应可能使我们能够探索液体替代疗法的新应用，而不仅仅是补充容量不足。
