Yeomans Peter D, Herbert James D, Forman Evan M
Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102-1192, USA.
J Trauma Stress. 2008 Apr;21(2):231-4. doi: 10.1002/jts.20325.
Debate continues over whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are more biologically based and therefore relatively universal or are more culturally constructed. This study aimed to describe traumatic stress reactions in a Burundian sample and to investigate the influences of the solicitation method (open-ended questions and standardized measures) and psychoeducation (as a process of acculturation) on symptoms reported. Standardized measures showed that distress was manifested in somatization, anxiety, and depression, and less so in specific PTSD symptoms. Content analysis of open-ended questions revealed frequent material complaints. Prior exposure to Western ideas about trauma was predictive of more severe PTSD symptoms. The implications of the findings are discussed in terms of how methodological and cultural factors may influence posttraumatic reactions in nonindustrialized settings.
关于创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状是更多基于生物学因而相对普遍，还是更多由文化构建，争论仍在继续。本研究旨在描述布隆迪样本中的创伤应激反应，并调查询问方法（开放式问题和标准化测量）和心理教育（作为一种文化适应过程）对所报告症状的影响。标准化测量表明，痛苦表现为躯体化、焦虑和抑郁，在特定的PTSD症状中则较少见。对开放式问题的内容分析揭示了频繁的身体不适主诉。先前接触过西方关于创伤的观念可预测更严重的PTSD症状。研究结果的意义从方法学和文化因素如何可能影响非工业化环境中的创伤后反应方面进行了讨论。
