Nonnenmann Matthew W, Anton Dan, Gerr Fredric, Merlino Linda, Donham Kelley
Department of Occupational Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708-3154, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2008 Jun;51(6):443-51. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20582.
The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) among U.S. dairy farmers is relatively unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of neck and upper extremity MSS, and to examine associations between symptoms and dairy operation activities among dairy farmers.
Questionnaires were mailed to randomly selected dairy farmers in the State of Iowa, USA. Demographic, site specific MSS, and dairy operation activity information was obtained. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated with logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders.
Among the participants (N = 341), shoulder MSS were reported most frequently (54%). Neck MSS were significantly associated with manually feeding (OR(adj) = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.09-4.80) and tractors use (OR(adj) = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.05-4.50). Also, wrist/hand MSS were associated with manually cleaning animal stalls (OR(adj) = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.06-3.63).
Neck and upper extremity MSS were common and associated with common dairy farming practices. Future studies need to more accurately assess exposures to physical risk factors for MSS so ergonomic interventions can be developed.
美国奶农中肌肉骨骼症状（MSS）的患病率相对未知。本研究的目的是评估颈部和上肢MSS的患病率，并检查奶农中症状与奶牛养殖活动之间的关联。
向美国爱荷华州随机选择的奶农邮寄问卷。获取人口统计学、特定部位MSS和奶牛养殖活动信息。通过逻辑回归估计比值比和95%置信区间，并对潜在混杂因素进行调整。
在参与者（N = 341）中，肩部MSS报告最为频繁（54%）。颈部MSS与人工喂养（调整后比值比[OR(adj)] = 2.29；95%置信区间[CI] = 1.09 - 4.80）和使用拖拉机（OR(adj) = 2.17；95% CI = 1.05 - 4.50）显著相关。此外，手腕/手部MSS与人工清洁畜栏（OR(adj) = 1.96；95% CI = 1.06 - 3.63）相关。
颈部和上肢MSS很常见，且与常见的奶牛养殖操作有关。未来的研究需要更准确地评估MSS的物理风险因素暴露情况，以便制定人体工程学干预措施。
