Holst Birgit, Williamson Gary
BioAnalytical Science Department, Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2008 Apr;19(2):73-82. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2008.03.003. Epub 2008 Apr 9.
The effect of any dietary compound is influenced by the active bioavailable dose rather than the dose ingested. Depending on the individual predisposition, including genetics and medication, a bioavailable dose may cause different magnitudes of effects in different people. Age might affect the predisposition and thus the requirements for nutrients including phytonutrients (e.g. phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenolic acids and glucosinolates). These are not essential for growth and development but to maintain body functions and health throughout the adult and later phases of life; they are 'lifespan essentials'. Major mechanisms involved in chronic, age-related diseases include the oxidant/antioxidant balance, but the latest research indicates indirect effects of dietary bioactives in vivo and adaptive responses in addition to direct radical scavenging.
任何膳食化合物的作用是受活性生物可利用剂量影响，而非摄入剂量。根据个体易感性，包括遗传因素和用药情况，生物可利用剂量在不同人身上可能会产生不同程度的影响。年龄可能会影响易感性，进而影响包括植物营养素（如类黄酮、酚酸和硫代葡萄糖苷等植物化学物质）在内的营养素需求。这些营养素对生长发育并非必不可少，但对于在成年及以后阶段维持身体机能和健康却是必需的；它们是“终身必需营养素”。与慢性、年龄相关疾病相关的主要机制包括氧化/抗氧化平衡，但最新研究表明，膳食生物活性物质除了直接清除自由基外，在体内还具有间接作用以及适应性反应。
