Miller Matthew R, Nichols Peter D, Carter Chris G
School of Aquaculture, Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia.
Lipids. 2008 Jun;43(6):549-57. doi: 10.1007/s11745-008-3175-4. Epub 2008 Apr 12.
Phytosterols occur in high concentration in canola (Brassica napus L.) and other vegetable oils such as from the borage plant Echium (Echium plantagineum L.). We investigated if Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) digest and accumulate dietary phytosterols in significant amounts in muscle and liver. Phytosterols are lipid soluble, lower cholesterol and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in humans. We aimed to determine if fatty fish, such as salmon, can be used as a delivery source of this functional food component. Three diets containing canola oil (CO), Echium oil (EO) and fish oil (FO) were fed to Atlantic salmon smolt over 9 weeks. The digestibility of natural abundances of phytosterols by Atlantic salmon was poor compared to cholesterol. However, phytosterols accumulated in liver and muscle of fish. Significantly increased concentrations of 24-methylenecholesterol, campesterol, beta-sitosterol and total phytosterol occurred in livers of EO fed fish compared to FO fed fish. Campesterol concentrations increased in CO fed fish compared to the FO fed fish. We demonstrated that natural abundances of dietary phytosterols are digested by and accumulated in liver and white muscle of Atlantic salmon smolt. However, phytosterol levels in salmon muscle will not be a major source of phytosterols in human diets and would not be expected to significantly effect human cardiovascular health.
植物甾醇在油菜籽（甘蓝型油菜）和其他植物油（如来自琉璃苣植物的琉璃苣油）中含量很高。我们研究了大西洋鲑鱼是否能消化并在肌肉和肝脏中大量积累膳食中的植物甾醇。植物甾醇是脂溶性的，可降低人体胆固醇并降低患冠心病的风险。我们旨在确定像鲑鱼这样的高脂肪鱼类是否可作为这种功能性食品成分的输送来源。在9周的时间里，给大西洋鲑鱼苗投喂了三种分别含有菜籽油（CO）、琉璃苣油（EO）和鱼油（FO）的饲料。与胆固醇相比，大西洋鲑鱼对植物甾醇天然丰度的消化率较低。然而，植物甾醇在鱼的肝脏和肌肉中积累。与投喂FO的鱼相比，投喂EO的鱼肝脏中24-亚甲基胆固醇、菜油甾醇、β-谷甾醇和总植物甾醇的浓度显著增加。与投喂FO的鱼相比，投喂CO的鱼菜油甾醇浓度增加。我们证明了膳食中植物甾醇的天然丰度可被大西洋鲑鱼苗消化并在其肝脏和白色肌肉中积累。然而，鲑鱼肌肉中的植物甾醇水平不会成为人类饮食中植物甾醇的主要来源，也预计不会对人类心血管健康产生显著影响。
