Antelmi A, Lovreglio P, Drago I, Greco L, Meliddo G, Manghisi M S, Ferrara F, Basso A, Soleo L
Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Medicina Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro "E.C. Vigliani", Università di Bari.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2007 Jul-Sep;29(3 Suppl):288-91.
Creatinine adjustment has been used to remove the influence of the effect of urine dilution on exposure biomarkers measured in spot samples. This research aimed to determine the reliability of creatinine adjustment for urinary chromium and arsenic in subjects from general population considering interferences able to influence creatinine excretion. 444 male subjects were examined and each participant was administered an anamnestic questionnaire. Chromium and arsenic were determined on second morning void urine samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and creatinine by Jaffè method. Urinary creatinine showed a significant negative decrease with age increasing (p < 0.001). Chromium concentrations resulted higher in subjects with renal disease, particularly after creatinine adjustment (p = 0.014). Age was negatively correlated with urinary creatinine (rho = -0.23; p < 0.001), and positively with chromium (rho = 0.13; p = 0.007) and arsenic (rho = 0.17; p = 0.004), only after creatinine adjustment. A positive correlation was also found between unadjusted chromium and arsenic (rho = 0.10; p = 0.039) and between urinary creatinine and both unadjusted chromium (rho = 0.32; p < 0.001) and arsenic (rho = 0.18; p < 0.001). An high coefficient of correlation was observed between unadjusted chromium (rho = 0.88; p < 0.001) and arsenic (rho = 0.90; p < 0.001) and the respective adjusted values. Multiple regression showed a dependence of urinary creatinine and adjusted chromium and arsenic concentrations on age. In conclusion, although chromium and arsenic seem to have a renal kinetics of excretion comparable to the creatinine one, the influence of age on creatinine elimination suggests that the expression of urinary values of these metallic elements as microg/L is more reliable.
肌酐校正已被用于消除尿液稀释对即时样本中所测暴露生物标志物的影响。本研究旨在考虑到能够影响肌酐排泄的干扰因素，确定普通人群中尿铬和尿砷肌酐校正的可靠性。对444名男性受试者进行了检查，每位参与者都填写了一份记忆问卷。采用原子吸收分光光度法测定次日晨尿样本中的铬和砷，采用Jaffè法测定肌酐。尿肌酐随年龄增长呈显著负下降（p<0.001）。肾病患者的铬浓度较高，尤其是在肌酐校正后（p = 0.014）。仅在肌酐校正后，年龄与尿肌酐呈负相关（rho = -0.23；p<0.001），与铬呈正相关（rho = 0.13；p = 0.007），与砷呈正相关（rho = 0.17；p = 0.004）。未校正的铬与砷之间（rho = 0.10；p = 0.039）以及尿肌酐与未校正的铬（rho = 0.32；p<0.001）和砷（rho = 0.18；p<0.001）之间也发现了正相关。未校正的铬（rho = 0.88；p<0.001）和砷（rho = 0.90；p<0.001）与各自的校正值之间观察到高度相关系数。多元回归显示尿肌酐以及校正后的铬和砷浓度依赖于年龄。总之，尽管铬和砷的排泄肾动力学似乎与肌酐的相当，但年龄对肌酐清除的影响表明，这些金属元素以微克/升表示的尿值表达更可靠。
