Ruiz V, Ruiz D, Gernat A G, Grimes J L, Murillo J G, Wineland M J, Anderson K E, Maguire R O
Escuela Agricola Panamericana, Zamorano, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Poult Sci. 2008 May;87(5):823-7. doi: 10.3382/ps.2007-00101.
High levels of phosphorus and pathogens in runoff are 2 major concerns following manure applications to fields. Phosphorus losses from fields following manure applications have been linked to the solubility of phosphorus in manure; therefore, by decreasing manure phosphorus solubility, a decrease in phosphorus loss in runoff should be apparent. The objective of this research was to develop a process using quicklime that would result in reduced phosphorus solubility and bacteria counts in broiler litter. The 4 litter treatments evaluated were T1, new wood shavings without the addition of quicklime; T2, used, untreated broiler litter; T3, used litter with 10% quicklime (based on the weight of the litter); and T4, used litter with 15% quicklime (based on the weight of the litter). Body weight, cumulative feed consumption, and feed conversion (feed:BW) were determined on a weekly basis through 42 d of age. Mortality was recorded daily. Carcass weights and percentages of carcass yield without giblets were determined prechill. Litter pH, total phosphorus, nitrogen, soluble phosphorus, litter moisture (%), and total plate counts were measured for each litter treatment on d 7 and 42 after bird placement. No significant differences were found for BW, feed consumption, feed conversion, mortality, carcass weight, or carcass yield. No breast or footpad blisters were observed. On d 7, 15% quicklime had higher (P < 0.001) pH (11.2) when compared with the other treatments. Percentages of phosphorus and nitrogen were lower (P < 0.001) for new wood shavings in comparison with the used litter treatments. Soluble phosphorus (ppm) was lower (P < 0.001) for 15% quicklime (2.75) when compared with new wood shavings (42.2), untreated broiler litter (439.2), and 10% quicklime (35.0). Although not significant, 15% quicklime had lower total plate counts (cfu/g) in comparison with the other treatments on d 1 and 10 postmixing and at 7 d after bird placement. Litter conditions on d 42 after bird placement were similar. We concluded that the use of quicklime as a treatment for broiler litter would initially reduce nitrogen and soluble phosphorus and bacteria counts without negatively affecting bird productivity.
向农田施用粪肥后，径流中高水平的磷和病原体是两大主要问题。施用粪肥后农田的磷流失与粪肥中磷的溶解度有关；因此，通过降低粪肥中磷的溶解度，径流中磷的流失应该会明显减少。本研究的目的是开发一种使用生石灰的工艺，该工艺将降低肉鸡垫料中磷的溶解度和细菌数量。评估的4种垫料处理分别为：T1，未添加生石灰的新木屑；T2，使用过的、未处理的肉鸡垫料；T3，添加10%生石灰（基于垫料重量）的用过的垫料；T4，添加15%生石灰（基于垫料重量）的用过的垫料。在42日龄前每周测定体重、累计采食量和饲料转化率（饲料：体重）。每天记录死亡率。宰前测定胴体重和去内脏胴体产率百分比。在雏鸡放入垫料后的第7天和第42天，对每种垫料处理测定垫料pH值、总磷、氮、可溶性磷、垫料湿度（%）和总平板计数。在体重、采食量、饲料转化率、死亡率、胴体重或胴体产率方面未发现显著差异。未观察到胸部或脚垫水泡。在第7天，与其他处理相比，15%生石灰处理的垫料pH值更高（P < 0.001），为11.2。与用过的垫料处理相比，新木屑中的磷和氮百分比更低（P < 0.001）。与新木屑（42.2）、未处理的肉鸡垫料（439.2）和10%生石灰处理的垫料（35.0）相比，15%生石灰处理的垫料中可溶性磷（ppm）更低（P < 0.001），为2.75。虽然不显著，但在混合后第1天和第10天以及雏鸡放入垫料后7天，15%生石灰处理的垫料总平板计数（cfu/g）低于其他处理。雏鸡放入垫料后第42天的垫料状况相似。我们得出结论，使用生石灰处理肉鸡垫料最初会降低氮、可溶性磷和细菌数量，且不会对雏鸡生产性能产生负面影响。
