Mrug Sylvie, Loosier Penny S, Windle Michael
Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1200, USA.
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2008 Jan;78(1):70-84. doi: 10.1037/0002-9432.78.1.70.
This study examined the relationship between violence exposure in three different contexts (home, school, and community) and internalizing and externalizing outcomes in early adolescents. We modeled both context-specific and cumulative effects of exposure to violence. After controlling for a number of risk factors associated with violence exposure, violent incidents encountered at school and at home were consistently related to multiple outcomes. Violence exposure in the community was related only to aggressive fantasies but not to other externalizing or internalizing problems. High levels of violence exposure in the community attenuated the relationship between home violence and internalizing symptoms and school violence and externalizing problems. Cumulative exposure to violence was related to all aspects of adjustment, but the number of contexts in which violence occurred did not predict beyond the effects of cumulative exposure. Finally, high levels of cumulative violence exposure were associated with a plateau or decrease in emotional distress.
本研究考察了三种不同环境（家庭、学校和社区）中的暴力暴露与青少年早期内化和外化结果之间的关系。我们对暴力暴露的特定环境效应和累积效应进行了建模。在控制了一些与暴力暴露相关的风险因素后，在学校和家中遭遇的暴力事件始终与多种结果相关。社区中的暴力暴露仅与攻击性幻想有关，与其他外化或内化问题无关。社区中高水平的暴力暴露减弱了家庭暴力与内化症状以及学校暴力与外化问题之间的关系。暴力暴露的累积与适应的各个方面都有关，但暴力发生的环境数量并不能在累积暴露效应之外进行预测。最后，高水平的累积暴力暴露与情绪困扰的平稳或减轻有关。
