Graham Ian A
Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, United Kingdom.
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2008;59:115-42. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092938.
Storage oil mobilization starts with the onset of seed germination. Oil bodies packed with triacylglycerol (TAG) exist in close proximity with glyoxysomes, the single membrane-bound organelles that house most of the biochemical machinery required to convert fatty acids derived from TAG to 4-carbon compounds. The 4-carbon compounds in turn are converted to soluble sugars that are used to fuel seedling growth. Biochemical analysis over the last 50 years has identified the main pathways involved in this process, including beta-oxidation, the glyoxylate cycle, and gluconeogenesis. In the last few years molecular genetic dissection of the overall process in the model oilseed species Arabidopsis has provided new insight into its complexity, particularly with respect to the specific role played by individual enzymatic steps and the subcellular compartmentalization of the glyoxylate cycle. Both abscisic acid (ABA) and sugars inhibit storage oil mobilization and a substantial degree of the control appears to operate at the transcriptional level.
储存油的动员始于种子萌发之时。充满三酰甘油（TAG）的油体与乙醛酸循环体紧密相邻，乙醛酸循环体是一种单膜结合细胞器，其中包含将TAG衍生的脂肪酸转化为4碳化合物所需的大部分生化机制。这些4碳化合物进而被转化为可溶性糖，用于为幼苗生长提供能量。过去50年的生化分析已经确定了该过程中涉及的主要途径，包括β-氧化、乙醛酸循环和糖异生作用。在过去几年中，对模式油籽物种拟南芥中整个过程的分子遗传学剖析为其复杂性提供了新的见解，特别是在各个酶促步骤所起的特定作用以及乙醛酸循环的亚细胞区室化方面。脱落酸（ABA）和糖类都抑制储存油的动员，而且很大程度的控制似乎在转录水平上起作用。
