Rudnicka Alicja R, Owen Christopher G, Richards Marcus, Wadsworth Michael E J, Strachan David P
Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 May;87(5):1392-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1392.
It has been suggested that early life factors, including breastfeeding and birth weight, program childhood myopia.
We examined the relation of reduced unaided vision (indicative of myopia) in childhood and adolescence with infant feeding, parental education, maternal age at birth, birth weight, sex, birth order, and socioeconomic status.
Three British cohorts recruited infants born in 1946 (n = 5362), 1958 (n = 18,558), and 1970 (n = 16,567). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for unaided vision of 6/12 or worse at ages 10-11 and 15-16 y from each cohort were pooled by using fixed-effects meta-analyses.
The prevalence of reduced vision ranged from 4.4% to 6.5% at 10-11 y and from 9.4% to 11.4% at 16 y, with marginally higher levels in later cohorts. Breastfeeding declined across successive cohorts (65%, 43%, and 22% in those breastfed for >1 mo, respectively). Pooled ORs showed no associations between infant feeding and vision after adjustment at either age. Parental education (OR: 1.48, high versus low education; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.79), maternal age (OR: 1.10, per 5-y increase; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.17), birth weight (OR: 0.85, per 1-kg rise; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.95), number of older siblings (OR: 0.89, per older sibling; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.94), and sex (OR: 1.10, girls versus boys; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.23) were related to adverse visual outcome in childhood. Stronger associations were observed in adolescence, except that the association with birth weight was null.
Infant feeding does not appear to influence visual development. Consistent associations of reduced vision with parental education, sex, maternal age, and birth order suggest that other environmental factors are important for visual development and myopia in early life.
有研究表明，包括母乳喂养和出生体重在内的早期生活因素会影响儿童近视的发生。
我们研究了儿童期和青少年期视力下降（提示近视）与婴儿喂养方式、父母教育程度、母亲生育年龄、出生体重、性别、出生顺序及社会经济地位之间的关系。
三项英国队列研究纳入了分别于1946年（n = 5362）、1958年（n = 18558）和1970年（n = 16567）出生的婴儿。采用固定效应荟萃分析汇总了各队列在10 - 11岁和15 - 16岁时视力为6/12或更差的调整优势比（OR）。
10 - 11岁时视力下降的患病率为4.4%至6.5%，16岁时为9.4%至11.4%，后几个队列的患病率略高。连续几个队列中母乳喂养率呈下降趋势（母乳喂养超过1个月的比例分别为65%、43%和22%）。汇总的OR显示，在两个年龄段调整后，婴儿喂养方式与视力之间均无关联。父母教育程度（OR：1.48，高学历与低学历相比；95%CI：1.23，1.79）、母亲年龄（OR：1.10，每增加5岁；95%CI：1.04，1.17）、出生体重（OR：0.85，每增加1千克；95%CI：0.76，0.95）、哥哥姐姐的数量（OR：0.89，每多一个哥哥姐姐；95%CI：0.83，0.94）以及性别（OR：1.10，女孩与男孩相比；95%CI：0.98，1.23）均与儿童期不良视力结局相关。在青少年期观察到更强的关联，但出生体重与视力的关联不显著。
婴儿喂养方式似乎不影响视力发育。视力下降与父母教育程度、性别、母亲年龄和出生顺序之间的一致关联表明，其他环境因素对早期生活中的视力发育和近视很重要。
