Landrine Hope, Corral Irma, Klonoff Elizabeth A, Jensen Jennifer, Kashima Kennon, Hickman Norval, Martinez Jonathan
Multicultural Health Behavior Research at the American Cancer Society, National Home Office in Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
Health Promot Pract. 2010 Jan;11(1):132-9. doi: 10.1177/1524839908317230. Epub 2008 May 14.
The authors examined the role of youth ethnicity in youth access to tobacco with large, random samples of stores and large samples of ethnically diverse youths for the first time. From 1999 through 2003, White, Black, Latino, and Asian youths made 3,361 cigarette purchase attempts (approximately 700 per year) statewide. Analyses revealed that Black youths had significantly higher access than other youths and that access rates for Black and Asian (but not Latino or White) youths exceeded the Synar-mandated < or = 20%. Clerks who failed to demand youth proof of age identification (ID) sold 95% of the tobacco that youths received and sold significantly more often to minorities and to girls, whereas clerks who demanded youth ID sold equally infrequently to all youths. These findings highlight significant ethnic disparities in youth access to tobacco and imply that those might be eliminated by policies and interventions that increase clerk demands for youth ID.
作者首次使用大规模随机抽样的商店样本和种族多样的青年大样本，研究了青年种族在青年获取烟草方面所起的作用。从1999年到2003年，白人、黑人、拉丁裔和亚裔青年在全州范围内进行了3361次购买香烟的尝试（每年约700次）。分析表明，黑人青年获取烟草的机会显著高于其他青年，而且黑人和亚裔（而非拉丁裔或白人）青年的获取率超过了《西纳尔法案》规定的≤20%。未要求青年出示年龄证明（身份证）的店员售出了青年所获烟草的95%，且向少数族裔和女孩销售的频率明显更高，而要求青年出示身份证的店员向所有青年销售的频率相同。这些发现凸显了青年获取烟草方面存在的显著种族差异，并暗示通过提高店员对青年身份证要求的政策和干预措施可能会消除这些差异。
