College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Health Place. 2021 Mar;68:102529. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102529. Epub 2021 Feb 22.
In the 1930s United States, urban neighborhoods were graded on their desirability for investment (often based on race), a process known as "redlining." This study examined how historical redlining relates to current disparities in an important health determinant: tobacco retailer density. Analyses were conducted for thirteen Ohio cities using negative binomial models that accounted for retailer spatial dependence and controlled for present-day sociodemographic characteristics. Findings indicated that as grades increased from "Best" to "Still Desirable" to "Definitely Declining" and "Hazardous," retailer density increased monotonically. These results highlight the persisting impacts of redlining and how disparities, once intentionally created, can be perpetuated over time.
20 世纪 30 年代的美国，城市街区的投资吸引力（通常基于种族）被分为不同等级，这一过程被称为“红线划定”。本研究考察了历史上的“红线划定”如何与当前一个重要健康决定因素的差异相关：烟草零售商密度。研究对俄亥俄州的 13 个城市进行了分析，使用负二项式模型，该模型考虑了零售商的空间依赖性，并控制了当前的社会人口特征。研究结果表明，随着等级从“最佳”到“仍然理想”到“明显下降”再到“危险”的提高，零售商密度呈单调递增。这些结果突显了“红线划定”的持续影响，以及一旦有意造成的差异如何随着时间的推移而持续存在。
