Eadie Douglas, Heim Derek, Macaskill Susan, Ross Alastair, Hastings Gerard, Davies John
Centre for Tobacco Control Research, University of Stirling and The Open University, Scotland, UK.
Addiction. 2008 Jun;103(6):1019-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02217.x.
To explore compliance with the smoke-free legislation within a cross-section of community bars in Scotland.
Ethnographic case study combining unobtrusive observation and in-depth interviews conducted pre- and post-introduction.
Eight Scottish community bars in three contrasting study communities.
Ten bar proprietors, 16 bar workers and 44 customers. Measurements Observations and participant reports of compliance over the first 12 months of the smoking ban.
All eight study bars endeavoured to enforce the ban, but with varying enthusiasm. Compliance varied, with violations more prevalent in those bars serving deprived communities. Most violations occurred in peripheral areas and generally went unchallenged. Six bars reported some form of complicit behaviour with staff and customers smoking together, either in the entrance area or during 'lock-ins' when access to the bar was restricted to regular customers. Three factors were particularly important to explaining variance between bars: smoking norms, management competency and management attitudes towards the ban. The first and last were related to social disadvantage.
Official data provide only a crude assessment of compliance in licensed premises. Data from this study offer a detailed picture of the nature and levels of compliance, and suggest a need for more sophisticated surveillance methods, greater enforcement and use of prosecutions where merited, and targeted support for bars serving deprived communities to help ensure that the major gains already achieved are retained and built upon. It is also suggested that acceptance of the smoke-free legislation could be enhanced by complementary initiatives targeting support to smokers in deprived communities. Those planning to introduce smoke-free legislation need to set in place these measures in advance in order to realize the benefits of full compliance.
探讨苏格兰社区酒吧对无烟立法的遵守情况。
采用人种志案例研究，结合在无烟立法实施前后进行的非干扰性观察和深度访谈。
三个具有不同特点的研究社区中的八家苏格兰社区酒吧。
十位酒吧老板、十六位酒吧工作人员和四十四位顾客。测量在禁烟的头十二个月里对遵守情况的观察及参与者报告。
所有八家研究酒吧都努力执行禁令，但热情程度各不相同。遵守情况各异，在服务贫困社区的酒吧中违规行为更为普遍。大多数违规行为发生在周边区域，且通常无人质疑。六家酒吧报告存在某种形式的工作人员与顾客一起吸烟的串通行为，要么在入口区域，要么在“闭门营业”期间（此时酒吧仅限常客进入）。有三个因素对于解释酒吧之间的差异尤为重要：吸烟规范、管理能力以及管理层对禁令的态度。第一个和最后一个因素与社会劣势有关。
官方数据仅对持牌场所的遵守情况进行粗略评估。本研究的数据详细描绘了遵守情况的性质和程度，并表明需要更复杂的监测方法、更强有力的执法以及在必要时进行起诉，还需要为服务贫困社区的酒吧提供有针对性的支持，以确保已经取得的主要成果得以维持并进一步巩固。研究还表明，通过针对贫困社区吸烟者提供支持的补充举措，可以提高对无烟立法的接受度。那些计划推行无烟立法的人需要提前落实这些措施，以实现全面遵守的益处。
