Jenkins D P, Stanton N A, Salmon P M, Walker G H, Young M S
School of Engineering & Design, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK.
Ergonomics. 2008 Jun;51(6):798-815. doi: 10.1080/00140130801915246.
Cognitive work analysis (CWA) is frequently advocated as an approach for the analysis of complex socio-technical systems. Much of the current CWA literature within the military domain pays particular attention to its initial phases; work domain analysis and contextual task analysis. Comparably, the analysis of the social and organisational constraints receives much less attention. Through the study of a helicopter mission planning system software tool, this paper describes an approach for investigating the constraints affecting the distribution of work. The paper uses this model to evaluate the potential benefits of the social and organisational analysis phase within a military context. The analysis shows that, through its focus on constraints, the approach provides a unique description of the factors influencing the social organisation within a complex domain. This approach appears to be compatible with existing approaches and serves as a validation of more established social analysis techniques. As part of the ergonomic design of mission planning systems, the social organisation and cooperation analysis phase of CWA provides a constraint-based description informing allocation of function between key actor groups. This approach is useful because it poses questions related to the transfer of information and optimum working practices.
认知工作分析（CWA）常被倡导为一种分析复杂社会技术系统的方法。军事领域当前的许多CWA文献特别关注其初始阶段；工作领域分析和情境任务分析。相比之下，对社会和组织约束的分析受到的关注要少得多。通过对直升机任务规划系统软件工具的研究，本文描述了一种调查影响工作分配的约束的方法。本文使用该模型评估军事背景下社会和组织分析阶段的潜在益处。分析表明，通过关注约束，该方法对复杂领域内影响社会组织的因素提供了独特的描述。这种方法似乎与现有方法兼容，并可作为对更成熟的社会分析技术的验证。作为任务规划系统人机工程学设计的一部分，CWA的社会组织与合作分析阶段提供了基于约束的描述，为关键行为者群体之间的功能分配提供依据。这种方法很有用，因为它提出了与信息传递和最佳工作实践相关的问题。
