Hollander H
AIDS Clinic, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0324.
J Gen Intern Med. 1991 Jan-Feb;6(1 Suppl):S24-31. doi: 10.1007/BF02599254.
Neuropsychiatric problems have assumed an increasingly prominent role in HIV-infected individuals. Disease occurs at all levels of the central and peripheral nervous systems by a variety of mechanisms. The AIDS dementia complex is the prototypical example of "direct" effects of HIV on the neuraxis, while infections such as toxoplasmosis and cryptococcal meningitis are complications of HIV-induced immunosuppression. Neurologic manifestations vary in frequency depending upon the overall stage of HIV disease; diagnostic difficulties may be encountered because of HIV's effect on cerebrospinal fluid parameters. The uncertainties of management of neurosyphilis in this setting provide and example of these problems. As is the case with other organ systems, the main goal of neurodiagnostic efforts is to find the increasing number of treatable components of neuropsychiatric dysfunction.
神经精神问题在HIV感染者中发挥着越来越突出的作用。疾病通过多种机制在中枢神经系统和周围神经系统的各个层面发生。艾滋病痴呆综合征是HIV对神经轴“直接”影响的典型例子，而弓形虫病和隐球菌性脑膜炎等感染是HIV诱导的免疫抑制的并发症。神经学表现的频率因HIV疾病的总体阶段而异；由于HIV对脑脊液参数的影响，可能会遇到诊断困难。在这种情况下，神经梅毒管理的不确定性就是这些问题的一个例子。与其他器官系统一样，神经诊断工作的主要目标是找出神经精神功能障碍中越来越多可治疗的组成部分。
