Wong Daniel Fu Keung, Song He Xue
Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2008 Mar;54(2):131-43. doi: 10.1177/0020764007083877.
In China, more than 10 million rural migrants move to cities every year. Because of the Household Registration System, migrant workers are not entitled to subsidised housing, education, social security or medical benefits.
Using a resilience perspective, this study attempted to explore not only the migration stress that is experienced by migrant workers, but also the protective function of meaning of migration in helping migrant workers withstand the stress of migration.
A survey design with multistage cluster sampling was used and 475 migrant workers were recruited. The questionnaire contained demographic data, the Brief Symptom Inventory, a migration stress scale and meaning of migration scale.
Financial and employment difficulties stood out as the most stressful issues for migrant workers. More financial and material gains and personal aspirations and achievement were the most common reasons for living in Shanghai. Regression analyses revealed that financial and employment difficulties and interpersonal tensions and conflicts significantly predicted the mental health of both male and female migrant workers. In addition, while marital status significantly predicted the mental health of male migrant workers, the subscale 'more financial and material gains' in the meaning of migration scale predicted the mental health of female migrant workers. Finally, there was a moderating effect of meaning of migration on the mental health of female migrant workers.
There is a need to consolidate and develop policies to protect the rights of migrant workers in China. Mental health counselling for migrant workers who are experiencing difficulties living in Shanghai should be introduced.
在中国，每年有超过1000万农村人口迁移至城市。由于户籍制度，农民工无法享受保障性住房、教育、社会保障或医疗福利。
本研究从复原力视角出发，不仅试图探究农民工所经历的迁移压力，还试图探究迁移意义在帮助农民工抵御迁移压力方面的保护作用。
采用多阶段整群抽样的调查设计，招募了475名农民工。问卷包含人口统计学数据、简明症状量表、迁移压力量表和迁移意义量表。
经济和就业困难是农民工面临的最具压力的问题。更多的经济和物质收获以及个人抱负和成就，是在上海生活的最常见原因。回归分析显示，经济和就业困难以及人际紧张和冲突显著预测了男女农民工的心理健康。此外，婚姻状况显著预测了男性农民工的心理健康，而迁移意义量表中的“更多经济和物质收获”子量表预测了女性农民工的心理健康。最后，迁移意义对女性农民工的心理健康有调节作用。
中国需要巩固和发展保护农民工权利的政策。应为在上海生活遇到困难的农民工提供心理健康咨询。
