Winters Boyer D, Saksida Lisa M, Bussey Timothy J
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008 Jul;32(5):1055-70. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.04.004. Epub 2008 Apr 24.
Tests of object recognition memory, or the judgment of the prior occurrence of an object, have made substantial contributions to our understanding of the nature and neurobiological underpinnings of mammalian memory. Only in recent years, however, have researchers begun to elucidate the specific brain areas and neural processes involved in object recognition memory. The present review considers some of this recent research, with an emphasis on studies addressing the neural bases of perirhinal cortex-dependent object recognition memory processes. We first briefly discuss operational definitions of object recognition and the common behavioural tests used to measure it in non-human primates and rodents. We then consider research from the non-human primate and rat literature examining the anatomical basis of object recognition memory in the delayed nonmatching-to-sample (DNMS) and spontaneous object recognition (SOR) tasks, respectively. The results of these studies overwhelmingly favor the view that perirhinal cortex (PRh) is a critical region for object recognition memory. We then discuss the involvement of PRh in the different stages--encoding, consolidation, and retrieval--of object recognition memory. Specifically, recent work in rats has indicated that neural activity in PRh contributes to object memory encoding, consolidation, and retrieval processes. Finally, we consider the pharmacological, cellular, and molecular factors that might play a part in PRh-mediated object recognition memory. Recent studies in rodents have begun to indicate the remarkable complexity of the neural substrates underlying this seemingly simple aspect of declarative memory.
物体识别记忆测试，即对物体先前出现情况的判断，为我们理解哺乳动物记忆的本质和神经生物学基础做出了重大贡献。然而，直到最近几年，研究人员才开始阐明参与物体识别记忆的特定脑区和神经过程。本综述探讨了一些近期的研究，重点是针对鼻周皮质依赖性物体识别记忆过程神经基础的研究。我们首先简要讨论物体识别的操作定义以及用于在非人类灵长类动物和啮齿动物中测量它的常见行为测试。然后，我们分别考虑来自非人类灵长类动物和大鼠文献的研究，这些研究分别考察了延迟非匹配样本（DNMS）和自发物体识别（SOR）任务中物体识别记忆的解剖学基础。这些研究结果压倒性地支持这样一种观点，即鼻周皮质（PRh）是物体识别记忆的关键区域。接着，我们讨论PRh在物体识别记忆的不同阶段——编码、巩固和检索——中的作用。具体而言，最近对大鼠的研究表明，PRh中的神经活动有助于物体记忆的编码、巩固和检索过程。最后，我们考虑可能在PRh介导的物体识别记忆中起作用的药理学、细胞和分子因素。最近对啮齿动物的研究已开始表明，这种看似简单的陈述性记忆方面背后的神经基质具有显著的复杂性。
