Schwartz Jennifer
Department of Sociology, Washington State University, Pullman WA 99164-4020, United States.
Addict Behav. 2008 Sep;33(9):1217-22. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.03.014. Epub 2008 Apr 12.
This research tracked women's and men's drunk driving rates and the DUI sex ratio in the United States from 1982-2004 using three diverse sources of evidence. Sex-specific prevalence estimates and the sex ratio are derived from official arrest statistics from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, self-reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and traffic fatality data from the National Highway and Transportation Safety Administration. Drunk driving trends were analyzed using Augmented Dickey Fuller time series techniques. Female DUI arrest rates increased whereas male rates declined then stabilized, producing a significantly narrower sex ratio. According to self-report and traffic data, women's and men's drunk driving rates declined and the gender gap was unchanged. Women's overrepresentation in arrests relative to their share of offending began in the 1990s and accelerated in 2000. Women's arrest gains, contrasted with no systematic change in DUI behavior, and the timing of this shift suggest an increased vulnerability to arrest. More stringent laws and enforcement directed at less intoxicated offenders may inadvertently target female offending patterns.
本研究利用三种不同的证据来源，追踪了1982年至2004年美国女性和男性的酒后驾车率以及酒驾性别比。特定性别的患病率估计值和性别比来自联邦调查局的官方逮捕统计数据、疾病控制与预防中心的自我报告以及国家公路和交通安全管理局的交通死亡数据。使用增强迪基-富勒时间序列技术分析了酒后驾车趋势。女性酒驾逮捕率上升，而男性逮捕率下降然后趋于稳定，导致性别比显著缩小。根据自我报告和交通数据，女性和男性的酒后驾车率下降，性别差距没有变化。相对于其犯罪比例，女性在逮捕中的占比过高始于20世纪90年代，并在2000年加速。女性逮捕率的增加，与酒驾行为没有系统性变化形成对比，以及这种转变的时机表明女性更容易被捕。针对醉酒程度较低的违法者的更严格法律和执法可能无意中针对了女性的违法模式。
