243 Wilson-Short Hall, Department of Sociology, PO Box 644020, Pullman, WA 99164-4020, United States.
211 Wilson-Short Hall, Department of Sociology, PO Box 644020, Pullman, WA 99164-4020, United States.
Addict Behav. 2018 Sep;84:7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.024. Epub 2018 Mar 19.
Women have lower rates of drunken driving than men, but their share of arrests has been climbing since 1985. These trends may stem from changes in women's lives that lead to more drinking and driving, or to greater reductions in male drinking and driving. Alternatively, changes in policy and enforcement that focus on less intoxicated offenders may inadvertently target female-typical offending patterns. This paper tracked male and female drunken driving rates and the DUI sex ratio in the United States from 1985 to 2015 across three data sources.
The sex ratio and prevalence estimates were derived from official arrest statistics from Uniform Crime Reports, self-reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and traffic fatality data from the National Highway and Transportation Safety Administration. Rates were assessed for four age groups (18-20, 21-34, 35-49, and 50-64), and drunken driving trends tested using Augmented Dickey-Fuller time-series methods.
Decreases in DUI rates stagnated over the first decade of 2000, but have again begun to decline, according to self-reports and traffic fatality data, for all sex-by-age groups. Still, the gender gap in DUI arrests continues to narrow. From 1990 to the early 2000s, changes in social control that made female DUI more visible narrowed the gender gap in arrests. In more recent years, narrowing of the gap is due primarily to male rates declining more steeply than female rates.
Results indicate that we need more research to understand why female declines have not kept pace with male declines and perhaps more targeted prevention efforts aimed at women.
女性酒后驾车的比例低于男性，但自 1985 年以来，她们被捕的比例一直在上升。这些趋势可能源于导致女性饮酒和驾车增加的生活变化，也可能源于男性饮酒和驾车的减少。或者，针对醉酒程度较低的罪犯的政策和执法的变化可能会无意中针对女性特有的犯罪模式。本文从三个数据源追踪了 1985 年至 2015 年美国男性和女性的酒后驾车率和酒后驾车性别比例。
性别比例和流行率估计数来自统一犯罪报告的官方逮捕统计数据、疾病控制和预防中心的自我报告以及国家公路和运输安全管理局的交通死亡数据。评估了四个年龄组（18-20 岁、21-34 岁、35-49 岁和 50-64 岁）的比率，并使用增强迪基-富勒时间序列方法测试了酒后驾车趋势。
根据自我报告和交通死亡数据，所有性别和年龄组的 DUI 率在 2000 年的前十年停滞不前，但现在又开始下降。尽管如此，酒后驾车逮捕方面的性别差距仍在缩小。从 1990 年到 2000 年代初，使女性酒后驾车更加明显的社会控制变化缩小了逮捕方面的性别差距。近年来，差距的缩小主要是由于男性的下降速度快于女性。
结果表明，我们需要更多的研究来了解为什么女性的下降速度没有跟上男性的下降速度，也许需要更有针对性的预防措施针对女性。
