Trémeau Fabien, Brady Melissa, Saccente Erica, Moreno Alexis, Epstein Henry, Citrome Leslie, Malaspina Dolores, Javitt Daniel
Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York 10962, United States.
Schizophr Res. 2008 Aug;103(1-3):121-8. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.03.027. Epub 2008 May 22.
Loss aversion in decision-making refers to a higher sensitivity to losses than to gains. Loss aversion is conceived as an affective interference in cognitive processes such as judgment and decision-making. Loss aversion in non-risky choices has not been studied in schizophrenia.
Forty-two individuals with schizophrenia and 42 non-patient control subjects, matched by gender and age, were randomized to two different scenarios (a buying scenario and a selling scenario). Subjects were asked to evaluate the price of a decorated mug. Schizophrenia subjects were re-tested four weeks later with the other scenario.
Contrary to non-patient controls, schizophrenia subjects did not show loss aversion. In the schizophrenia group, absence of loss aversion was correlated with age, duration of illness, number of months in State hospitals, and poorer performance in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, but not with current psychopathology and two domains of emotional experience.
Absence of loss aversion in schizophrenia represents a deficit in the processing of emotional information during decision-making. It can be interpreted as a lack of integration between the emotional and the cognitive systems, or to a more diffuse and de-differentiated impact of emotional information on decision-making. Future studies should bring more clarity to this question.
决策中的损失厌恶是指对损失的敏感性高于对收益的敏感性。损失厌恶被认为是对诸如判断和决策等认知过程的一种情感干扰。精神分裂症患者在非风险选择中的损失厌恶尚未得到研究。
42名精神分裂症患者和42名年龄与性别匹配的非患者对照受试者被随机分配到两种不同的情景（购买情景和销售情景）。受试者被要求评估一个装饰杯的价格。四周后，精神分裂症患者用另一种情景进行重新测试。
与非患者对照不同，精神分裂症患者未表现出损失厌恶。在精神分裂症组中，缺乏损失厌恶与年龄、病程、在州立医院住院的月数以及威斯康星卡片分类测验中的较差表现相关，但与当前的精神病理学及情感体验的两个领域无关。
精神分裂症患者缺乏损失厌恶代表了决策过程中情感信息处理方面的缺陷。这可以解释为情感系统和认知系统之间缺乏整合，或者情感信息对决策的影响更为分散且未分化。未来的研究应使这个问题更加明晰。
