Horwath C C, Worsley A
Division of Human Nutrition, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, South Australia.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1991 May;91(5):553-7.
The dietary habits and nutrient intakes of a group of 151 persons with diabetes were compared with those of a group without diabetes in a random postal survey of 3,000 individuals aged 65 years and older residing in Adelaide, South Australia. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was used. The response rate was 77%. Only 64% of individuals with diabetes reported following a diabetic diet at the time of the survey, and only 6% were consuming a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet (greater than or equal to 50% energy intake from carbohydrate and less than or equal to 30% from fat). The dietary habits of elderly persons with diabetes suggested an awareness of the need to limit simple sugars; however, adherence to the latest recommendations concerning dietary fat and fiber was poor. Individuals with diabetes had lower intakes of refined carbohydrate but were just as likely as those without diabetes to eat high-fat foods, and they ate eggs and cheese more frequently. Those with diabetes were no more likely than those without diabetes to consume the recommended complex-carbohydrate and fiber-rich foods. The extent of adherence to current dietary recommendations for the management of diabetes was found to be independent of sex, age, occupational status, educational attainment, marital status, living arrangements (alone vs with a spouse), and source of income.
在一项对居住在南澳大利亚阿德莱德的3000名65岁及以上老年人进行的随机邮政调查中，将151名糖尿病患者的饮食习惯和营养摄入与一组非糖尿病患者进行了比较。使用了半定量食物频率问卷。应答率为77%。在调查时，只有64%的糖尿病患者报告遵循糖尿病饮食，只有6%的患者食用高碳水化合物、低脂肪饮食（碳水化合物能量摄入量大于或等于50%，脂肪摄入量小于或等于30%）。老年糖尿病患者的饮食习惯表明他们意识到需要限制单糖；然而，对有关膳食脂肪和纤维的最新建议的遵守情况较差。糖尿病患者的精制碳水化合物摄入量较低，但与非糖尿病患者一样有可能食用高脂肪食物，并且他们更频繁地食用鸡蛋和奶酪。糖尿病患者食用推荐的复合碳水化合物和富含纤维食物的可能性并不比非糖尿病患者更高。结果发现，对当前糖尿病管理膳食建议的遵守程度与性别、年龄、职业状况、教育程度、婚姻状况、生活安排（独居与与配偶同住）以及收入来源无关。
