Lebeis Sarah L, Sherman Melanie A, Kalman Daniel
Microbiology & Molecular Genetics Graduate Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Future Microbiol. 2008 Jun;3(3):315-28. doi: 10.2217/17460913.3.3.315.
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, enterohemorrhagic E. coli (O157:H7) and Citrobacter rodentium are classified as attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens based on their ability to adhere to intestinal epithelium, destroy microvilli and induce pedestal formation at the site of infection. A/E bacterial infections also cause acute diarrheal episodes and intestinal inflammation. The use of model systems has led to an understanding of the innate immune response to A/E pathogens. The innate immune system plays a protective role, initiating a productive antibody response, directly killing bacteria and inducing repair mechanisms following tissue damage caused by infection. However, hyperactivation of the innate immune system can have negative consequences, including exacerbated tissue destruction following neutrophil infiltration. Here we review how innate immune cell types, including neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells, orchestrate both protective and destructive responses. Such information is crucial for the development of therapeutics that can mitigate destructive inflammatory responses while accentuating those that are protective.
肠致病性大肠杆菌、肠出血性大肠杆菌（O157:H7）和鼠柠檬酸杆菌根据其粘附肠上皮、破坏微绒毛以及在感染部位诱导基座形成的能力，被归类为黏附性和蚀损性（A/E）病原体。A/E细菌感染还会引发急性腹泻发作和肠道炎症。模型系统的使用使人们对A/E病原体的天然免疫反应有了一定了解。天然免疫系统发挥着保护作用，引发有效的抗体反应，直接杀死细菌，并在感染导致组织损伤后诱导修复机制。然而，天然免疫系统的过度激活可能会产生负面后果，包括中性粒细胞浸润后加剧的组织破坏。在此，我们综述中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞和树突状细胞等天然免疫细胞类型如何协调保护性和破坏性反应。这些信息对于开发能够减轻破坏性炎症反应同时增强保护性炎症反应的治疗方法至关重要。
