Dalrymple G V, Lindsay I R, Mitchell J C, Hardy K A
Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68101.
Radiat Res. 1991 May;126(2):117-9.
Ionizing radiation represented one of the important hazards facing the first manned lunar mission. A combined USAF/NASA project was conducted from 1963 through 1969 to estimate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the radiations of space. Approximately 2000 primates (Macaca mulatta) and 5000 mice were irradiated with protons and electromagnetic radiations. The proton energies studied were selected to be representative of the proton spectrum in space. Much of the project was concerned with the use of cyclotrons for proton irradiations and with dosimetry. Biological measurements included clinical findings, physiological changes, hematological changes, histopathology, and mortality. When allowance was made for variation of response as a consequence of depth-dose distribution, the RBE for protons was approximately 1. This was anticipated from earlier theoretical studies and radiation therapy in humans with high-energy charged-particle beams.
电离辐射是首次载人登月任务面临的重要危险之一。1963年至1969年，美国空军和美国国家航空航天局开展了一个联合项目，以估算太空辐射的相对生物效应（RBE）。大约2000只灵长类动物（恒河猴）和5000只小鼠受到质子和电磁辐射照射。所研究的质子能量被选定为代表太空中的质子能谱。该项目的大部分工作涉及使用回旋加速器进行质子照射以及剂量测定。生物学测量包括临床发现、生理变化、血液学变化、组织病理学和死亡率。当考虑到深度剂量分布导致的反应变化时，质子的RBE约为1。这与早期的理论研究以及人类高能带电粒子束放射治疗的预期相符。
