Kang Silvia S, McGavern Dorian B
Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Front Biosci. 2008 May 1;13:4529-43. doi: 10.2741/3021.
Viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) can result in a multitude of responses including pathology, persistence or immune clearance. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a powerful model system to explore these potential outcomes of CNS infection due to the diversity of responses that can be achieved after viral inoculation. Several factors including tropism, timing, dose and variant of LCMV in combination with the development or suppression of the corresponding immune response dictates whether lethal meningitis, chronic infection or clearance of LCMV in the CNS will occur. Importantly, the functionality and positioning of the LCMV-specific CD8+ T cell response are critical in directing the subsequent outcome of CNS LCMV infection. Although a basic understanding of LCMV and immune interactions in the brain exists, the molecular machinery that shapes the balance between pathogenesis and clearance in the LCMV-infected CNS remains to be elucidated. This review covers the various outcomes of LCMV infection in the CNS and what is currently known about the impact of the virus itself versus the immune response in the development of disease or clearance.
中枢神经系统（CNS）的病毒感染可引发多种反应，包括病理变化、病毒持续存在或免疫清除。淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒（LCMV）是一个强大的模型系统，可用于探索中枢神经系统感染的这些潜在结果，因为病毒接种后可产生多种不同的反应。包括LCMV的嗜性、接种时间、剂量和毒株变异等几个因素，与相应免疫反应的发展或抑制相结合，决定了中枢神经系统中是否会发生致命性脑膜炎、慢性感染或LCMV的清除。重要的是，LCMV特异性CD8 + T细胞反应的功能和定位对于指导中枢神经系统LCMV感染的后续结果至关重要。尽管对LCMV与大脑中免疫相互作用已有基本了解，但在LCMV感染的中枢神经系统中，决定发病机制与清除之间平衡的分子机制仍有待阐明。本综述涵盖了LCMV在中枢神经系统感染的各种结果，以及目前已知的病毒本身与免疫反应在疾病发展或清除过程中的影响。
