Fahmy Tarek M, Demento Stacey L, Caplan Michael J, Mellman Ira, Saltzman W Mark
Yale University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USA.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2008 Jun;3(3):343-55. doi: 10.2217/17435889.3.3.343.
Vaccines for many infectious diseases are poorly developed or simply unavailable. There are significant technological and practical design issues that contribute to this problem; thus, a solution to the vaccine problem will require a systematic approach to test the multiple variables that are required to address each of the design challenges. Nanoparticle technology is an attractive methodology for optimizing vaccine development because design variables can be tested individually or in combination. The biology of individual components that constitute an effective vaccine is often well understood and may be integrated into particle design, affording optimal immune responses to specific pathogens. Here, we review technological variables and design parameters associated with creating modular nanoparticle vaccine systems that can be used as vectors to protect against disease. Variables, such as the material and size of the core matrix, surface modification for attaching targeting ligands and routes of administration, are discussed. Optimization of these variables is important for the development of nanoparticle-based vaccine systems against infectious diseases and cancer.
许多传染病的疫苗研发不足或根本无法获得。存在一些重大的技术和实际设计问题导致了这一问题；因此，解决疫苗问题需要一种系统的方法来测试应对每个设计挑战所需的多个变量。纳米颗粒技术是优化疫苗研发的一种有吸引力的方法，因为设计变量可以单独或组合进行测试。构成有效疫苗的各个成分的生物学特性通常已被充分了解，并且可以整合到颗粒设计中，从而针对特定病原体产生最佳免疫反应。在这里，我们综述了与创建模块化纳米颗粒疫苗系统相关的技术变量和设计参数，这些系统可用作预防疾病的载体。讨论了诸如核心基质的材料和尺寸、用于连接靶向配体的表面修饰以及给药途径等变量。优化这些变量对于开发针对传染病和癌症的基于纳米颗粒的疫苗系统非常重要。
