Frevert Ute, Usynin Ivan, Baer Kerstin, Klotz Christian
NYU School of Medicine, Department of Medical Parasitology, 341 E. 25 Street, New York, New York 10010, USA.
Subcell Biochem. 2008;47:182-97. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-78267-6_15.
Malaria sporozoites must cross at least two cell barriers to reach their initial site of replication in the mammalian host. After transmission into the skin by an infected mosquito, they migrate towards small dermal capillaries, traverse the vascular endothelial layer, and rapidly home to the liver. To infect hepatocytes, the parasites must cross the sinusoidal cell layer, composed of specialized highly fenestrated sinusoidal endothelia and Kupffer cells, the resident macrophages of the liver (Fig. 1). The exact route Plasmodium sporozoites take to hepatocytes has been subject of controversial discussions for many years. Recent cell biological, microscopic, and genetic approaches have considerably enhanced our understanding of the initial events leading to the establishment of a malaria infection in the liver.
疟原虫子孢子必须跨越至少两道细胞屏障才能到达其在哺乳动物宿主体内的初始复制位点。被感染的蚊子将其传播到皮肤后，它们向小的真皮毛细血管迁移，穿过血管内皮层，并迅速归巢至肝脏。为了感染肝细胞，寄生虫必须穿过由特殊的高度有孔的窦状内皮细胞和库普弗细胞（肝脏中的常驻巨噬细胞）组成的窦状细胞层（图1）。疟原虫子孢子进入肝细胞的确切途径多年来一直是有争议的讨论话题。最近的细胞生物学、显微镜检查和遗传学方法极大地增进了我们对导致肝脏疟疾感染建立的初始事件的理解。
