Macklin Audrey
Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Reprod Health Matters. 2008 May;16(31):22-32. doi: 10.1016/S0968-8080(08)31354-8.
This paper surveys the international legal frameworks, including the many guidelines, handbooks, resolutions, toolkits, conclusions and manuals produced by various United Nations bodies, that confirm an awareness of the protection issues specific to women and girls displaced by conflict. It explores the extent to which these documents address the gendered impacts of conflict-induced migration, and the role of United Nations bodies as international governmental organisations in implementing these norms. The main focus is upon internally displaced women and women refugees. In addition to problems of enforcing compliance with existing guidelines, the paper concludes that two areas--developing strategies to accommodate the realities of long-term, even permanent displacement and enhancing women's literal and legal literacy--require much greater attention on the part of governmental and non-governmental international organisations.
本文概述了国际法律框架，其中包括联合国各机构制定的众多指南、手册、决议、工具包、结论和手册，这些都证实了对冲突导致流离失所的妇女和女童所特有的保护问题的认识。本文探讨了这些文件在何种程度上解决了冲突引发的移徙对性别的影响，以及联合国各机构作为国际政府组织在执行这些规范方面的作用。主要重点是国内流离失所妇女和女性难民。除了执行现有准则方面的问题外，本文还得出结论，两个领域——制定适应长期甚至永久流离失所现实的战略以及提高妇女的文化和法律素养——需要政府和非政府国际组织给予更多关注。
