果蝇中的性染色体与物种形成
Sex chromosomes and speciation in Drosophila.
作者信息
Presgraves Daven C
机构信息
Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
出版信息
Trends Genet. 2008 Jul;24(7):336-43. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2008.04.007.
Abstract
Two empirical rules suggest that sex chromosomes play a special role in speciation. The first is Haldane's rule - the preferential sterility and inviability of species hybrids of the heterogametic (XY) sex. The second is the disproportionately large effect of the X chromosome in genetic analyses of hybrid sterility. Whereas the causes of Haldane's rule are well established, the causes of the 'large X-effect' have remained controversial. New genetic analyses in Drosophila confirm that the X is a hotspot for hybrid male sterility factors, providing a proximate explanation for the large X-effect. Several other new findings -- on faster X evolution, X chromosome meiotic drive and the regulation of the X chromosome in the male-germline -- provide plausible evolutionary explanations for the large X-effect.
摘要
两条经验法则表明，性染色体在物种形成中起着特殊作用。第一条是霍尔丹法则——异配性别（XY）的物种杂交后代优先出现不育和 inviability（此处原文可能有误，推测为 inviability 即“ inviable 无法存活”）的情况。第二条是在杂种不育的遗传分析中，X 染色体具有 disproportionately large effect（不成比例的巨大影响，此处原文表述不太准确，推测是指较大影响）。虽然霍尔丹法则的成因已得到充分证实，但“X 染色体大效应”的成因仍存在争议。果蝇的新遗传分析证实，X 染色体是杂种雄性不育因子的热点区域，为 X 染色体大效应提供了直接解释。其他一些新发现——关于 X 染色体更快的进化、X 染色体减数分裂驱动以及雄性生殖系中 X 染色体的调控——为 X 染色体大效应提供了合理的进化解释。
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