Collins Christy L, Comstock R Dawn
Center for Injury Research and Policy, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
Pediatrics. 2008 Jun;121(6):1181-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-2572.
The goals were to calculate injury rates among high school baseball players and to characterize the general epidemiological features of high school baseball injuries and, more specifically, injuries attributed to being hit by a batted ball.
We analyzed baseball exposure and injury data collected over the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 school years from a nationally representative sample of 100 US high schools by using an injury surveillance system, Reporting Information Online.
Nationally, an estimated 131555 high school baseball-related injuries occurred during the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 academic years, for an injury rate of 1.26 injuries per 1000 athletic exposures. The most commonly injured body sites were the shoulder (17.6%), ankle (13.6%), head/face (12.3%), hand/finger (8.5%), and thigh/upper leg (8.2%). The most common injury diagnoses were ligament sprains (incomplete tears) (21.0%), muscle strains (incomplete tears) (20.1%), contusions (16.1%), and fractures (14.2%). Although the majority of injuries resulted in a time loss of <7 days, 9.7% resulted in medical disqualification for the season, and 9.4% required surgery. Of the 431 reported baseball injuries, 50 (11.6%) were attributed to being hit by a batted ball. Greater proportions of injuries attributed to being hit by a batted ball were to the head/face (48.0%) and mouth/teeth (16.0%), compared with injuries not attributed to being hit by a batted ball (8.2% and 1.3%, respectively). A greater proportion of injuries attributed to being hit by a batted ball required surgery (18.0%), compared with other baseball-related injuries (6.8%).
Although high school baseball is relatively safe, targeted, evidence-based interventions could reduce the rate of high school baseball-related injuries. On the basis of our findings, we strongly recommend that helmets with face shields or at least mouth guards and eye protection be used by pitchers, infielders, and batters at the high school level.
目标是计算高中棒球运动员的受伤率，并描述高中棒球运动损伤的一般流行病学特征，更具体地说，是描述被击出的球击中所导致的损伤特征。
我们使用在线报告信息这一损伤监测系统，分析了2005 - 2006学年和2006 - 2007学年从美国100所具有全国代表性的高中抽取的样本所收集的棒球运动暴露和损伤数据。
在全国范围内，2005 - 2006学年和2006 - 2007学年估计发生了131555起与高中棒球运动相关的损伤，损伤率为每1000次运动暴露中有1.26起损伤。最常受伤的身体部位是肩部（17.6%）、脚踝（13.6%）、头部/面部（12.3%）、手/手指（8.5%）和大腿/大腿上部（8.2%）。最常见的损伤诊断是韧带扭伤（不完全撕裂）（21.0%）、肌肉拉伤（不完全撕裂）（20.1%）、挫伤（16.1%）和骨折（14.2%）。虽然大多数损伤导致的误工时间少于7天，但9.7%的损伤导致该赛季被取消参赛资格，9.4%的损伤需要手术治疗。在报告的431起棒球损伤中，50起（11.6%）是由于被击出的球击中所致。与非被击出的球击中导致的损伤相比，被击出的球击中导致的损伤中，头部/面部（48.0%）和口腔/牙齿（16.0%）受伤的比例更高（分别为8.2%和1.3%）。与其他与棒球相关的损伤相比，被击出的球击中导致的损伤中需要手术治疗的比例更高（18.0%）。
虽然高中棒球运动相对安全，但有针对性的、基于证据的干预措施可以降低高中棒球运动相关损伤的发生率。根据我们的研究结果，我们强烈建议高中水平的投手、内场手和击球手使用带面罩的头盔或至少使用护齿器和眼部防护装备。
