Piron Maria, Vergés Mireia, Muñoz José, Casamitjana Natàlia, Sanz Sergi, Maymó Rosa María, Hernández José Manuel, Puig Lluís, Portús Montserrat, Gascón Joaquim, Sauleda Sílvia
Transfusion Safety Laboratory, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Transfusion. 2008 Sep;48(9):1862-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01789.x. Epub 2008 Jun 2.
The increasing arrival of Latin Americans to Europe and, particularly, to Spain has led to the appearance of new pathologies, such as Chagas disease, a zoonotic infection endemic to rural areas of Central and South America. In the absence of the triatomid vector, one of the main modes of transmission of Chagas disease in nonendemic regions is through blood transfusion.
The Catalonian Blood Bank has implemented a screening program for Chagas disease in at-risk blood donors and has performed a study to determine the seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the donor population. The two commercial tests used in all samples were the ID-PaGIA Chagas antibody test (DiaMed) and the bioelisa Chagas assay (Biokit).
Overall seroprevalence was 0.62 percent, with 11 donors confirmed positive among the 1770 at-risk donors studied; the highest rate (10.2%) was in Bolivian donors. Interestingly, 1 of the 11 positive donors was a Spaniard who had resided various years in a Chagas disease endemic area. Furthermore, 1 of the positive donors presented detectable parasitemia.
The results of this study emphasize the need for T. cruzi screening in at-risk blood donors in nonendemic countries. An important finding is the relevance of including in the at-risk category persons who have resided in, but were not necessarily born in, an endemic region. If T. cruzi screening is not routinely performed in all donations, it remains highly dependent on proper identification of at-risk donors during the predonation interview.
拉丁美洲人越来越多地抵达欧洲，尤其是西班牙，这导致了一些新疾病的出现，如恰加斯病，一种中南美洲农村地区特有的人畜共患感染病。在没有锥蝽传播媒介的情况下，非流行地区恰加斯病的主要传播途径之一是输血。
加泰罗尼亚血库对有感染风险的献血者实施了恰加斯病筛查计划，并开展了一项研究以确定献血人群中克氏锥虫感染的血清阳性率。所有样本使用的两种商业检测方法分别是ID-PaGIA恰加斯抗体检测（DiaMed公司）和生物酶联免疫吸附测定恰加斯检测法（Biokit公司）。
总体血清阳性率为0.62%，在研究的1770名有感染风险的献血者中，有11名献血者被确诊为阳性；玻利维亚献血者的阳性率最高（10.2%）。有趣的是，11名阳性献血者中有1名是曾在恰加斯病流行地区居住多年的西班牙人。此外，有1名阳性献血者出现了可检测到的寄生虫血症。
本研究结果强调了在非流行国家对有感染风险的献血者进行克氏锥虫筛查的必要性。一个重要发现是，应将曾居住在（但不一定出生在）流行地区的人纳入有感染风险类别。如果并非对所有献血都常规进行克氏锥虫筛查，那么这仍高度依赖于在献血前访谈中正确识别有感染风险的献血者。
