Lupiani Blanca, Reddy Sanjay M
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, MS 4467, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, United States.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009 Jul;32(4):311-23. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2008.01.004. Epub 2008 Jun 3.
The first description of avian influenza (AI) dates back to 1878 in northern Italy, when Perroncito [Perroncito E. Epizoozia tifoide nei gallinacei. Annali Accad Agri Torino 1878;21:87-126] described a contagious disease of poultry associated with high mortality. The disease, termed "fowl plague", was initially confused with the acute septicemic form of fowl cholera. However, in 1880, soon after its first description, Rivolta and Delprato [as reported by Stubs EL. Fowl pest, In: Biester HE, Devries L, editors. Diseases of poultry. 1st ed. Ames, IO: Iowa State College Press; 1943. p. 493-502] showed it to be different from fowl cholera, based on clinical and pathological properties, and called it Typhus exudatious gallinarum. In 1901, Centanni and Savunzzi [Centanni E, Savonuzzi E, La peste aviaria I & II, Communicazione fatta all'accademia delle scienze mediche e naturali de Ferrara, 1901] determined that fowl plague was caused by a filterable virus; however, it was not until 1955 that the classical fowl plague virus was shown to be a type A influenza virus based on the presence of type A influenza virus type-specific ribonucleoprotein [Schäfer W. Vergleichender sero-immunologische Untersuchungen über die Viren der Influenza und klassischen Geflügelpest. Z Naturf 1955;10b:81-91]. The term fowl plague was substituted by the more appropriate term highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) at the First International Symposium on Avian Influenza [Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Avian Influenza. Beltsville, MD. 1981, Avian Dis 47 (Special Issue) 2003.] and will be used throughout this review when referring to any previously described fowl plague virus.
对禽流感（AI）的首次描述可追溯到1878年的意大利北部，当时佩龙奇托[佩龙奇托E.鸡的伤寒样 epizootic。都灵农业科学院年鉴1878；21：87 - 126]描述了一种与高死亡率相关的家禽传染病。这种被称为“禽瘟”的疾病最初被误诊为禽霍乱的急性败血型。然而，在1880年，即首次描述后不久，里沃尔塔和德尔普拉托[如斯塔布斯EL所报道。禽瘟，载于：比斯特HE、德弗里斯L主编。家禽疾病。第1版。艾姆斯，爱荷华州：爱荷华州立大学出版社；1943年。第493 - 502页]基于临床和病理特征表明它与禽霍乱不同，并将其称为渗出性鸡伤寒。1901年，琴坦尼和萨温齐[琴坦尼E、萨沃努齐E，《禽瘟I和II》，提交给费拉拉医学与自然科学学院的报告，1901年]确定禽瘟是由一种可滤过病毒引起的；然而，直到1955年，基于甲型流感病毒特异性核糖核蛋白的存在，经典禽瘟病毒才被证明是一种甲型流感病毒[舍费尔W.关于流感病毒和经典禽瘟病毒的比较血清免疫研究。《自然科学》1955；10b：81 - 91]。在第一届国际禽流感研讨会上，“禽瘟”一词被更合适的“高致病性禽流感（HPAI）”所取代[第一届国际禽流感研讨会会议记录。马里兰州贝尔茨维尔。1981年，《禽病》47（特刊）2003年。]，并且在本综述中提及任何先前描述的禽瘟病毒时都将使用该术语。
