Hunt Mary C, Alexson Stefan E H
Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Toxicology, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16F, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Prog Lipid Res. 2008 Nov;47(6):405-21. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2008.05.001. Epub 2008 May 15.
Peroxisomes are single membrane bound organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells, and to date have been shown to contain approximately 60 identified enzymes involved in various metabolic pathways, including the oxidation of a variety of lipids. These lipids include very long-chain fatty acids, methyl branched fatty acids, prostaglandins, bile-acid precursors and xenobiotics that are either beta-oxidized or alpha-oxidized in peroxisomes. The recent identification of several acyl-CoA thioesterases and acyltransferases in peroxisomes has revealed their various functions in acting as auxiliary enzymes in alpha- and beta-oxidation in this organelle. To date, 9 functional acyl-CoA thioesterases and acyltransferases have been identified in mouse and 4 functional acyl-CoA thioesterases and acyltransferases in human, thus these enzymes make up a substantial portion of peroxisomal proteins. This review will therefore focus on new and emerging roles for these enzymes in assisting with the oxidation of various lipids, amidation of lipids for excretion from peroxisomes, and in controlling coenzyme A levels in peroxisomes.
过氧化物酶体是几乎存在于所有真核细胞中的单层膜包被的细胞器，迄今为止已发现其含有约60种参与各种代谢途径的已鉴定酶，包括多种脂质的氧化。这些脂质包括极长链脂肪酸、甲基支链脂肪酸、前列腺素、胆汁酸前体和外源性物质，它们在过氧化物酶体中进行β-氧化或α-氧化。最近在过氧化物酶体中鉴定出几种酰基辅酶A硫酯酶和酰基转移酶，揭示了它们在该细胞器中作为α-氧化和β-氧化辅助酶的各种功能。迄今为止，在小鼠中已鉴定出9种功能性酰基辅酶A硫酯酶和酰基转移酶，在人类中鉴定出4种功能性酰基辅酶A硫酯酶和酰基转移酶，因此这些酶构成了过氧化物酶体蛋白的很大一部分。因此，本综述将重点关注这些酶在协助各种脂质氧化、脂质酰胺化以便从过氧化物酶体排出以及控制过氧化物酶体中辅酶A水平方面的新出现的作用。
