Krafft Rudolph M
Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2008 May 1;77(9):1291-6.
Trigeminal neuralgia is an uncommon disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of lancinating pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution. Typically, brief attacks are triggered by talking, chewing, teeth brushing, shaving, a light touch, or even a cool breeze. The pain is nearly always unilateral, and it may occur repeatedly throughout the day. The diagnosis is typically determined clinically, although imaging studies or referral for specialized testing may be necessary to rule out other diseases. Accurate and prompt diagnosis is important because the pain of trigeminal neuralgia can be severe. Carbamazepine is the drug of choice for the initial treatment of trigeminal neuralgia; however, baclofen, gabapentin, and other drugs may provide relief in refractory cases. Neurosurgical treatments may help patients in whom medical therapy is unsuccessful or poorly tolerated.
三叉神经痛是一种罕见的疾病，其特征是三叉神经分布区域反复出现刀割样疼痛。通常，说话、咀嚼、刷牙、剃须、轻微触摸甚至一阵凉风都可能引发短暂的发作。疼痛几乎总是单侧的，并且可能在一天中反复出现。尽管可能需要进行影像学检查或转诊进行专门测试以排除其他疾病，但诊断通常通过临床确定。准确及时的诊断很重要，因为三叉神经痛的疼痛可能很严重。卡马西平是三叉神经痛初始治疗的首选药物；然而，巴氯芬、加巴喷丁和其他药物可能对难治性病例有效。神经外科治疗可能有助于药物治疗无效或耐受性差的患者。
