Russell Michael Bjørn
Head and Neck Research Group, Akershus University Hospital, Dr. Kobros vei 39, 1474 Nordbyhagen, Oslo, Norway.
Neurol Sci. 2008 May;29 Suppl 1:S52-4. doi: 10.1007/s10072-008-0887-4.
Is migraine a genetic illness? This question was previously controversial, but today the answer yes is generally accepted. The scientific evidence is the significantly increased familial risk of migraine, and the significantly higher concordance rate of migraine in monozygotic than dizygotic twin pairs. Finally, the three identified ion-channel genes that can cause familial hemiplegic migraine provide very strong evidence of genetics. Mutations in these genes can also cause sporadic hemiplegic migraine. The next question is whether the different types of migraine, i.e. migraine without aura, migraine with aura, sporadic hemiplegic migraine and familial hemiplegic migraine share a common genetic cause. This question is at present controversial. However, the fact that all types of migraine are paroxystic in nature suggest that a common genetic cause could be mutations in ion channels, although a common mutation has not yet been identified in the more common types of migraine: migraine without aura and migraine with aura.
偏头痛是一种遗传性疾病吗？这个问题以前存在争议，但如今答案是肯定的这一观点已被普遍接受。科学证据包括偏头痛的家族风险显著增加，以及单卵双胞胎比双卵双胞胎的偏头痛一致性率显著更高。最后，已确定的三个可导致家族性偏瘫性偏头痛的离子通道基因提供了非常有力的遗传学证据。这些基因的突变也可导致散发性偏瘫性偏头痛。下一个问题是，不同类型的偏头痛，即无先兆偏头痛、有先兆偏头痛、散发性偏瘫性偏头痛和家族性偏瘫性偏头痛是否有共同的遗传病因。这个问题目前存在争议。然而，所有类型的偏头痛本质上都是发作性的这一事实表明，共同的遗传病因可能是离子通道突变，尽管在更常见的偏头痛类型：无先兆偏头痛和有先兆偏头痛中尚未发现共同的突变。
