Garnier-Laplace J, Copplestone D, Gilbin R, Alonzo F, Ciffroy P, Gilek M, Agüero A, Björk M, Oughton D H, Jaworska A, Larsson C M, Hingston J L
Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), DEI/SECRE, Laboratory of Radioecology and Ecotoxicology, Cadarache Building 186, BP3, 13115 St-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France.
J Environ Radioact. 2008 Sep;99(9):1474-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.04.012. Epub 2008 Jun 12.
The ERICA Integrated Approach requires that a risk assessment screening dose rate is defined for the risk characterisation within Tiers 1 and 2. At Tier 3, no numerical screening dose rate is used, and the risk characterisation is driven by methods that can evaluate the possible effects of ionising radiation on reproduction, mortality and morbidity. Species sensitivity distribution has been used to derive the ERICA risk assessment predicted no-effect dose rate (PNEDR). The method used was based on the mathematical processing of data from FRED (FASSET radiation effects database merged with the EPIC database to form FREDERICA) and resulted in a PNEDR of 10 microGy/h. This rate was assumed to ascribe sufficient protection of all ecosystems from detrimental effects on structure and function under chronic exposure. The value was weighed against a number of points of comparison: (i) PNEDR values obtained by application of the safety factor method, (ii) background levels, (iii) dose rates triggering effects on radioactively contaminated sites and (iv) former guidelines from literature reviews. In Tier 3, the effects analysis must be driven by the problem formulation and is thus highly case specific. Instead of specific recommendations on numeric values, guidance on the sorts of methods that may be applied for refined effect analysis is provided and illustrated.
“环境风险综合评估（ERICA）”综合方法要求为第1层和第2层的风险表征定义一个风险评估筛选剂量率。在第3层，不使用数值筛选剂量率，风险表征由能够评估电离辐射对生殖、死亡率和发病率可能影响的方法驱动。物种敏感性分布已被用于推导“环境风险综合评估（ERICA）”风险评估预测无效应剂量率（PNEDR）。所使用的方法基于对来自FRED（FASSET辐射效应数据库与EPIC数据库合并形成FREDERICA）数据的数学处理，得出的预测无效应剂量率为10微戈瑞/小时。假定该剂量率能为所有生态系统提供充分保护，使其在长期暴露下结构和功能免受有害影响。该值与多个比较点进行了权衡：（i）应用安全系数法获得的预测无效应剂量率值；（ii）背景水平；（iii）对受放射性污染场地产生影响的剂量率；（iv）文献综述中的先前指南。在第3层，效应分析必须由问题表述驱动，因此具有高度的个案特异性。文中没有给出关于数值的具体建议，而是提供并说明了可用于精细效应分析的各类方法的指导。
