Wilhelm Michael, Hölzer Jürgen, Dobler Lorenz, Rauchfuss Knut, Midasch Oliver, Kraft Martin, Angerer Jürgen, Wiesmüller Gerhard
Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2009 Mar;212(2):142-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.04.008. Epub 2008 Jun 11.
In May 2006, a serious environmental contamination with perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) became evident in a rural area of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) (Region Sauerland), Germany. In autumn 2006, we performed a human biomonitoring study in which a 4-8-fold increase in perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)-plasma concentrations of children, their mothers and men living in Arnsberg (District Hochsauerlandkreis, NRW) was observed compared with a reference population. The exposure was clearly related to the consumption of PFOA-contaminated tap water. However, there is no clear information on the duration of this contamination. The current investigation involves the analysis of PFCs in 30 blood samples of young adults (age 20-31 years) who had ever lived in the affected area. The samples were taken between 1977 and 2004 and stored at the German Environmental Specimen Bank for Human Tissues. Analyses of PFOA, perfluoroctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexanoate (PFHxA), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), perfluoropentanoate (PFPA) and perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) in blood plasma were performed by solid-phase extraction, HPLC and MS/MS detection. PFOA values (median, range) were 6.1, 1.7-40.7 microg/l, PFOS values were 18.8, 8.1-150.7 microg/l and PFHxS values were 1.7, 0.5-4.6 microg/l. The concentrations of PFHxA, PFPA and PFBS in plasma were all below limit of detection. Time-trend analysis showed that between 1977 and 2004 PFOA and PFOS levels remained fairly stable. PFOS and PFOA levels were in the range of current background levels of the general population. In contrast, PFHxS plasma levels have steadily increased since 1977. There was a close association between PFOS and PFOA-plasma levels. From this pilot study there are no indications for an increased exposure to PFCs of residents in Arnsberg in the years 1977-2004 prior to the contamination in 2006.
2006年5月，德国北莱茵-威斯特法伦州（NRW）的绍尔兰地区一个农村地区出现了明显的全氟化合物（PFCs）严重环境污染。2006年秋季，我们开展了一项人体生物监测研究，结果发现，与参照人群相比，居住在阿恩斯贝格（NRW州上绍尔兰县）的儿童、他们的母亲和男性血浆中全氟辛酸（PFOA）浓度增加了4至8倍。这种暴露显然与饮用受PFOA污染的自来水有关。然而，关于这种污染的持续时间尚无明确信息。当前的调查涉及对30份曾居住在受影响地区的年轻人（年龄在20至31岁之间）血液样本中的PFCs进行分析。这些样本采集于1977年至2004年期间，并保存在德国人体组织环境样本库中。通过固相萃取、高效液相色谱和串联质谱检测对血浆中的PFOA、全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟己酸（PFHxA）、全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）、全氟戊酸（PFPA）和全氟丁烷磺酸（PFBS）进行分析。PFOA值（中位数，范围）为6.1、1.7 - 40.7微克/升，PFOS值为18.8、8.1 - 150.7微克/升，PFHxS值为1.7、0.5 - 4.6微克/升。血浆中PFHxA、PFPA和PFBS的浓度均低于检测限。时间趋势分析表明，1977年至2004年期间，PFOA和PFOS水平保持相当稳定。PFOS和PFOA水平处于当前普通人群背景水平范围内。相比之下，自1977年以来，PFHxS血浆水平稳步上升。PFOS和PFOA血浆水平之间存在密切关联。从这项初步研究来看，没有迹象表明在2006年污染之前的1977年至2004年期间，阿恩斯贝格居民接触PFCs的情况有所增加。
