Agrawal Arun, Chhatre Ashwini, Hardin Rebecca
School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Science. 2008 Jun 13;320(5882):1460-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1155369.
Major features of contemporary forest governance include decentralization of forest management, logging concessions in publicly owned commercially valuable forests, and timber certification, primarily in temperate forests. Although a majority of forests continue to be owned formally by governments, the effectiveness of forest governance is increasingly independent of formal ownership. Growing and competing demands for food, biofuels, timber, and environmental services will pose severe challenges to effective forest governance in the future, especially in conjunction with the direct and indirect impacts of climate change. A greater role for community and market actors in forest governance and deeper attention to the factors that lead to effective governance, beyond ownership patterns, is necessary to address future forest governance challenges.
当代森林治理的主要特点包括森林管理的权力下放、公有商业价值森林的伐木特许权以及主要在温带森林实行的木材认证。尽管大多数森林仍由政府正式拥有，但森林治理的有效性越来越独立于正式所有权。对粮食、生物燃料、木材和环境服务不断增长且相互竞争的需求，将给未来有效的森林治理带来严峻挑战，特别是在气候变化的直接和间接影响之下。社区和市场行为体在森林治理中发挥更大作用，并更深入地关注导致有效治理的因素（而非仅仅关注所有权模式），对于应对未来森林治理挑战而言是必要的。
