Pharow Peter, Blobel Bernd, Hildebrand Claudia
eHealth Competence Center, University of Regensburg Medical Center, Germany.
Stud Health Technol Inform. 2008;137:386-401.
All types of advanced communication, collaboration, and cooperation in healthcare require a strong involvement of all addressed parties including health professionals and patients. Modern healthcare aims at involving patients having them take over responsibility for their own health status. Allowing them to take on their changed roles as emancipated partners in advanced care management, health professionals need to be educated and patients need to be empowered. From a security viewpoint, health issues have to be communicated via trusted health networks. To provide communication and cooperation between professionals and patients as well as to guarantee the required level of involvement of patients in shared care management environments, cards are widely used as person identifiers, on the one hand, and as security tokens, on the other. Being introduced as storage media and portable personalized application system, cards enable a patient controlled access to personalized health services as well as proper use and exchange of personal health data for specific purposes such as emergency. Furthermore, cards allow access to the wider electronic patient record via pointers or tickets. Cards can empower patients. The German Electronic Health Card (eGK) shall thus support care management and specific workflow processes e.g. for prescription and disease management. Regardless whether designed as data or pointer card - international standardization is a prerequisite also for national solutions. The more information patients have regarding different procedures and processes in healthcare, the more are they able to play their dedicated role within care management. Cards can and will contribute by allowing patients to get controlled access to administrative and medical data stored either on cards or in networks. Card holders determine who has access to their health information.
医疗保健领域的各类先进沟通、协作与合作需要包括医疗专业人员和患者在内的所有相关方积极参与。现代医疗保健旨在让患者参与其中，使其对自身健康状况负责。为了让患者在高级护理管理中担当起转变后的自主伙伴角色，医疗专业人员需要接受教育，患者需要获得授权。从安全角度来看，健康问题必须通过可信的健康网络进行沟通。为了在专业人员和患者之间提供沟通与合作，并确保患者在共享护理管理环境中的参与达到所需水平，卡片一方面被广泛用作个人标识符，另一方面被用作安全令牌。作为存储介质和便携式个性化应用系统，卡片使患者能够控制访问个性化健康服务，并为特定目的（如紧急情况）正确使用和交换个人健康数据。此外，卡片还允许通过指针或票据访问更广泛的电子病历。卡片可以赋予患者权力。因此，德国电子健康卡（eGK）应支持护理管理和特定的工作流程，例如处方和疾病管理。无论设计为数据卡还是指针卡，国际标准化也是国家解决方案的前提条件。患者对医疗保健中不同程序和流程了解得越多，他们就越能在护理管理中发挥其特定作用。卡片能够且将会通过让患者控制访问存储在卡片或网络中的管理和医疗数据来做出贡献。持卡人决定谁可以访问他们的健康信息。
