Müller H R, Buser M W
Neurologische Universitätsklinik, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland.
J Neurol. 1991 Apr;238(2):97-102. doi: 10.1007/BF00315689.
The prevalence of smoking, hypertension and diabetes mellitus was assessed in 221 patients suffering from internal carotid stenosis and compared with the prevalences in two sex- and age-matched control groups composed of subjects having normal Doppler findings and from non-neurological outpatients. Of the subjects with carotid stenosis 27.6% were hypertensive smokers in comparison with 9.5% and 17.2% in the two control groups. The difference of the stenosis cohort from the two control groups was significant (P less than 0.01 and P = 0.016 respectively). There was no statistically significant differences between the occurrence of diabetes and hypertension in non-smokers and patients who smoked. In 394 investigated patients suffering from carotid stenosis or occlusion an obstruction index, based on the Doppler shift frequency, was calculated. This index was lowest in the normotensive smokers [corrected]. It was only insignificantly higher in the hypertensive non-smokers but significantly so in the normotensive smokers. The index was highest in the hypertensive smokers [corrected]. It was concluded that cigarette smoking, especially if associated with hypertension, is a determinant risk factor for carotid stenosis and occlusion.
对221例患有颈内动脉狭窄的患者进行了吸烟、高血压和糖尿病患病率的评估，并与两个性别和年龄匹配的对照组（由多普勒检查结果正常的受试者和非神经科门诊患者组成）的患病率进行了比较。在患有颈动脉狭窄的受试者中，27.6%为高血压吸烟者，而两个对照组的这一比例分别为9.5%和17.2%。狭窄队列与两个对照组之间的差异具有显著性（P分别小于0.01和P = 0.016）。非吸烟者和吸烟者的糖尿病和高血压发生率之间无统计学显著差异。在394例接受调查的患有颈动脉狭窄或闭塞的患者中，根据多普勒频移计算了阻塞指数。该指数在血压正常的吸烟者中最低[校正后]。在高血压非吸烟者中仅略高，但在血压正常的吸烟者中显著更高。该指数在高血压吸烟者中最高[校正后]。得出的结论是，吸烟，尤其是与高血压相关时，是颈动脉狭窄和闭塞的决定性危险因素。
