Stabell O B, Steffenak I, Pedersen K, Underdal B
Department of Food Hygiene, Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo.
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1991 Jul;33(3):273-82. doi: 10.1080/15287399109531526.
Extracts of "diarrhetic" shellfish toxins from the edible mussel (Mytilus edulis) were tested with biological and chemical assays to determine toxin content. When tested with the standard mouse bioassay, a higher toxicity was detected in most samples compared to that revealed from detection of the diarrhea-causing substances okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-1 by high-performance liquid chromatography. Routine extraction of toxins for the two assays was carried out with two different solvents, acetone versus aqueous methanol. Accordingly, we questioned whether the variation in results between the methods could be due to differences in chemical properties of these two solvents. When tested, the two solvent systems showed practically the same efficiency concerning the extraction of okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-1. This demonstrated that toxins other than those causing diarrhea were present in the samples, and that the mouse bioassay was sensitive to these additional toxins. Subsequent testing of the samples with the mouse bioassay, employing both acetone and methanol extracts, revealed that at least two classes of toxins were present in the mussel samples in addition to okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-1. It is unclear whether the shellfish toxins revealed in this study are partially from known, nondiarrhetic types, such as pectenotoxins or yessotoxins, or from unknown toxin groups exhibiting ichthyotoxic and hemolytic properties.
对可食用贻贝（紫贻贝）中的“腹泻性”贝类毒素提取物进行了生物和化学分析，以确定毒素含量。与通过高效液相色谱法检测致泻物质冈田酸和鳍藻毒素-1的结果相比，在大多数样品中，用标准小鼠生物测定法检测到更高的毒性。两种分析方法的毒素常规提取分别使用两种不同的溶剂，即丙酮和甲醇水溶液。因此，我们质疑这些方法之间结果的差异是否可能是由于这两种溶剂化学性质的不同。经测试，这两种溶剂系统在提取冈田酸和鳍藻毒素-1方面显示出几乎相同的效率。这表明样品中存在除致泻毒素以外的其他毒素，并且小鼠生物测定法对这些额外的毒素敏感。随后对样品同时使用丙酮提取物和甲醇提取物进行小鼠生物测定，结果显示除了冈田酸和鳍藻毒素-1之外，贻贝样品中至少还存在两类毒素。目前尚不清楚本研究中揭示的贝类毒素部分是来自已知的非腹泻性类型，如pectenotoxins或yessotoxins，还是来自具有鱼毒性和溶血特性的未知毒素组。
