Mah Kenneth, Khoraych Mireille, Lipton Jeffrey H, Messner Hans A, Khoraych Ghada, Krawiec Katherine, Lefebvre France, Devins Gerald M
Princess Margaret Hospital (University Health Network), Toronto, Canada.
Psychol Health Med. 2008 May;13(3):337-45. doi: 10.1080/13548500701513724.
According to the Person x Situation theoretical framework, people adjust their coping to address the unique challenges of encountered stressors. Whether their strategies fit or appropriately address these stressor challenges influences adjustment. We examined the fit between pre-treatment stressors reported by hematological cancer patients awaiting allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT) and their coping responses. Stressors were categorized as controllable versus uncontrollable; coping responses were categorized as problem- versus emotion-focused versus mixed (i.e., elements of both coping types). We hypothesized that patients would employ coping responses that fit the controllability of stressors (i.e., a match between stressor and coping response): problem-focused coping for controllable stressors and emotion-focused coping for uncontrollable stressors. In qualitative interviews, pre-BMT patients (10 men, 7 women) described encountered stressors and how they coped with them. Every reported stressor was linked with its associated coping response, resulting in a stressor-coping pair. We determined the proportion of total stressor-coping pairs in which the coping response matched the controllability of its linked stressor. Most stressor-coping pairs involving uncontrollable stressors showed the hypothesized match with emotion-focused or mixed coping. Contrary to hypotheses, fewer stressor-coping pairs that involved controllable stressors matched with problem-focused or mixed coping. Rather, these pairs were more likely to link controllable stressors with emotion-focused coping (i.e., mismatch between stressor controllability and type of coping). AlloBMT candidates may appraise the pre-treatment stage, globally, as permitting very little control. Coping efforts may consequently emphasize regulation of negative emotions (i.e., emotion-focused coping).
根据人-情境理论框架，人们会调整自己的应对方式以应对所遇到的压力源带来的独特挑战。他们的策略是否适合或恰当地应对这些压力源挑战会影响其适应情况。我们研究了等待异基因骨髓移植（alloBMT）的血液系统癌症患者报告的治疗前压力源与其应对反应之间的匹配情况。压力源被分为可控与不可控两类；应对反应被分为以问题为中心、以情绪为中心和混合（即两种应对类型的元素都有）三类。我们假设患者会采用与压力源可控性相匹配的应对反应（即压力源与应对反应之间的匹配）：针对可控压力源采用以问题为中心的应对方式，针对不可控压力源采用以情绪为中心的应对方式。在定性访谈中，移植前患者（10名男性，7名女性）描述了所遇到的压力源以及他们如何应对这些压力源。每一个报告的压力源都与其相关的应对反应相联系，形成了一个压力源-应对配对。我们确定了应对反应与其相关压力源的可控性相匹配的压力源-应对配对在总配对中所占的比例。大多数涉及不可控压力源的压力源-应对配对显示出与以情绪为中心或混合应对方式的假设匹配。与假设相反，涉及可控压力源的压力源-应对配对中，与以问题为中心或混合应对方式相匹配的较少。相反，这些配对更有可能将可控压力源与以情绪为中心的应对方式联系起来（即压力源可控性与应对类型之间不匹配）。alloBMT候选者可能从整体上评估治疗前阶段，认为几乎没有什么可控性。因此，应对努力可能会强调对负面情绪的调节（即以情绪为中心的应对方式）。
