Enquist John A, Stoltz Brian M
The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC164-30, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
Nature. 2008 Jun 26;453(7199):1228-31. doi: 10.1038/nature07046.
Double catalytic enantioselective transformations are powerful synthetic methods that can facilitate the construction of stereochemically complex molecules in a single operation. In addition to generating two or more stereocentres in a single reaction, multiple asymmetric reactions also impart increased enantiomeric excess to the final product in comparison with the analogous single transformation. Furthermore, multiple asymmetric operations have the potential to independently construct several stereocentres at remote points within the same molecular scaffold, rather than relying on pre-existing chiral centres that are proximal to the reactive site. Despite the inherent benefits of multiple catalytic enantioselective reactions, their application to natural product total synthesis remains largely underutilized. Here we report the use of a double stereoablative enantioselective alkylation reaction in a concise synthesis of the marine diterpenoid (-)-cyanthiwigin F (ref. 8). By employing a technique for independent, selective formation of two stereocentres in a single stereoconvergent operation, we demonstrate that a complicated mixture of racemic and meso diastereomers may be smoothly converted to a synthetically useful intermediate with exceptional enantiomeric excess. The stereochemical information generated by means of this catalytic transformation facilitates the easy and rapid completion of the total synthesis of this marine natural product.
双催化对映选择性转化是强大的合成方法,能够在一次操作中促进立体化学复杂分子的构建。除了在单一反应中生成两个或更多立体中心外,与类似的单步转化相比,多步不对称反应还能使最终产物的对映体过量增加。此外,多步不对称操作有可能在同一分子骨架内的远距离位点独立构建多个立体中心,而不是依赖于靠近反应位点的预先存在的手性中心。尽管多步催化对映选择性反应具有内在优势,但其在天然产物全合成中的应用仍未得到充分利用。在此,我们报道了在海洋二萜(-)-cyanthiwigin F的简洁合成中使用双立体消融对映选择性烷基化反应(参考文献8)。通过采用在单一立体汇聚操作中独立、选择性地形成两个立体中心的技术,我们证明外消旋和内消旋非对映异构体的复杂混合物可以顺利转化为具有优异对映体过量的合成有用中间体。通过这种催化转化产生的立体化学信息有助于轻松、快速地完成这种海洋天然产物的全合成。